Snow Leopard Survival Strategy - Panthera

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4. Country Action Planning A. The SLSS as an Action Planning Tool One of the logical primary uses of this Snow Leopard Survival Strategy is to aid in the development of country-specific Action Plans. There are various sources for guidance in development of Action Plans for endangered species, including the Council of Europe document “Guidelines for Action Plans for Animal Species” (T- PVS-(ACPLANS) (97) 8). We have not reprinted or paraphrased these guidelines again here. However, in general Action Planning leaders should: • Analyze the problems and choose the proper scale, • Identify the key stakeholders and integrate them into the planning process at the beginning, (i.e. ensure a broadly participatory process) • Choose a multi-level approach if the problems and stakeholders are particularly diverse • Seek to identify achievable and appropriate actions • Build monitoring of results into the Plan To elaborate on the above points: • Analyze the problems and choose the proper scale – In many, if not most cases, the appropriate scale for snow leopard action plans will be the country level. However, where areas are large and the conservation issues differ dramatically across state, regional or provincial plans may be required. This is quite likely the case for China and perhaps India. Action Planners must carefully consider the diversity of issues and conditions to select a scale. An exceedingly complex plan that attempts to address a broad array of problems will not be useful and difficult to implement. • Identify the key stakeholders and integrate them into the planning process at the beginning – Top-down plans are rarely successful because they fail to bring in all of the grass-roots stakeholders at the outset. A thorough analysis must be conducted very early in the process to ensure it is a participatory one. Examples of stakeholder groups that should be consulted include; 1) local people whose lives will be directly impacted by the plan, 2) local community governments and citizen groups, 3) resource users such as hunters and subsistence gatherers, 4) local, national and international NGO’s, 5) Protected Area administrations, 6) law enforcement agencies, and 7) policy makers at all levels of government. This is NOT an exhaustive list, and it is incumbent on the planners to identify all stakeholders. • Choose a multi-level approach if the problems and stakeholders are particularly diverse – It may not be possible to interact with all stakeholders at the same level or using the same methodology. At the community level planners may need to employ Participatory Rural Assessment (PRA) tools. Other potentially more literate and/or mobile stakeholder’s input may be solicited through well-devised surveys and questionnaires, or they me be asked to participate in workshops and other planning meetings. Drafts of the plan should be reviewed by the broadest audience possible at various stages of preparation to ensure that the plan has accurately captured the input from all contributors. • Seek to identify achievable and appropriate actions – This Survival Strategy provides a broad list of potential actions to address common and serious threats. However, planners must seriously consider which of these and other actions could be best employed to meet the specific conservation issues they are faced with. There are no “silver bullets” in conservation, and any action must be tailored to meet the specific conditions of the country, region or site. Further, only actions that can reasonably be accomplished with available resources should be included in the Plan. An Action Plan must also identify who will undertake each activity. A Plan that identifies actions but has no available resources to implement them, nor a responsible entity to lead them, is doomed to failure. • Build monitoring of results into the Plan – A plan that has no mechanism built in to monitor progress and results has a much reduced chance of attaining the desired results. Milestones and timeframes should be identified to gauge progress. The Plan should specify review dates and allow for revisions of actions should they be found to fall short of goals. An Action Plan in that sense should be a living document that can be modified over time to meet changing conditions and address shortcomings. With these in mind we can say that Good Action Plans: • Have the proper scale and address problems at a level where they can be solved, • Are put to use, • Are broadly accepted by all stakeholders, • Have a high likelihood of producing measurable improvement of a problem if employed, • Integrate monitoring and follow-up into the plan. 62 | SNOW LEOPARD SURVIVAL STRATEGY
B. Action Planning Assistance The Action Planning process need not be done in a vacuum. The Snow Leopard Network (SLN), a group of specialist and relevant organizations, can provide much needed assistance in terms of expertise and advice during the planning process. Collectively, the SLN membership has experience in nearly every area of snow leopard related conservation, research, education, and policy. They can be approached for assistance through the International Snow Leopard Trust, 4649 Sunnyside Ave. N., Suite 325, Seattle, Washington, 98103, USA, on their website http://www.snowleopard.org/sln/ or via email at info@snowleopard.org. SNOW LEOPARD SURVIVAL STRATEGY | 63
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Snow Leopard Survival Strategy Prod
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Country Strategies and Action Plans
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Foreword The range of Uncia uncia e
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Executive Summary I. SNOW LEOPARD:
Page 13 and 14: R.17 Livestock depredation causes R
Page 15 and 16: Other names: Ounce (English); panth
Page 17 and 18: There is little information on the
Page 19 and 20: Figure 1: Range wide model of poten
Page 21 and 22: shan in the extreme north of Qingha
Page 23 and 24: tial snow leopard habitat and offer
Page 25 and 26: political will for conservation sho
Page 27 and 28: significant loopholes: for example
Page 29 and 30: its prey species, such as the argal
Page 31 and 32: 2. Threats and Conservation Actions
Page 33 and 34: homes and clothing in many parts of
Page 35 and 36: • Where possible, estimate carryi
Page 37 and 38: Monitoring Protocols / Success Indi
Page 39 and 40: Potential Pitfalls: • High logist
Page 41 and 42: Potential Pitfalls: • Corruption
Page 43 and 44: Potential Pitfalls: • Organized c
Page 45 and 46: Monitoring Protocols / Success Indi
Page 47 and 48: Potential Pitfalls: • Requires lo
Page 49 and 50: 3. Research and Information Needs D
Page 51 and 52: leopards. This reflects the fact th
Page 53 and 54: Case Studies Jennings, M. D. 2000.
Page 55 and 56: Potential Methods • Develop a sta
Page 57 and 58: Lynx lynx predation on semi-domesti
Page 59 and 60: Stander, P. E., P. J. Haden, Kaqece
Page 61 and 62: Karanth, U. K. and J. Nichols. 2002
Page 63: officials. It will be necessary to
Page 67 and 68: Literature cited Adil, A.W. 1997. S
Page 69 and 70: Jackson, R., G.G. Ahlborn, S. Ale,
Page 71 and 72: (Uncia uncia) population in the sou
Page 73 and 74: Lu Zhi China Yale Univ. School of F
Page 75 and 76: Biek, R and M. Poss. 2002. Using ph
Page 77 and 78: Arctic caribou herd (CAH) have been
Page 79 and 80: Fox, J. L. and R. M. Jackson. 2002.
Page 81 and 82: Harris, R. B., D. H. Pletscher, C.
Page 83 and 84: Jackson, R M. and J. Roe. 2002. Pre
Page 85 and 86: Karanth, K. U. and M. E. Sunquist.
Page 87 and 88: for 62% of the area in panther home
Page 89 and 90: deer migration. Observations of dee
Page 91 and 92: taxa. To prevent or mitigate future
Page 93 and 94: of infection and mortality in Afric
Page 95 and 96: National des Volcans in Rwanda. Two
Page 97 and 98: were post hoc and harvests were pro
Page 99 and 100: approximately 46% of estimates of i
Page 101 and 102: Solanki, G. S. and R. M. Naik. 1998
Page 103 and 104: The influence of sex, body weight,
Page 105 and 106: trophy management can contribute si
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