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name of the Jews. Why Esther has so far not been found at Qumran has been debated. Since this genre of literature has now been found at Qumran, there most probably was an ideological antagonism to it. Previously one might not have thought so. This objection can best be understood in terms of the militant xenophobia and apocalyptic nationalism of the Community, as well as its condemnation of precisely the kind of 'fornication' Esther indulges in. That Esther could marry and enter the harem of a foreign potentate, even in order to save her people, as the book posits, would have been anathema to a Community or movement such as this. On the other hand, if Esther is to be considered highly mythologized, and if the anti-Herodian animus of the group responsible for many of these writings is confirmed, then a book like Esther would, no doubt, have been looked upon as 'a stalking horse' for Herodian pretensions. Herodian princesses like the infamous Berenice and Drusilla (not to mention their aunt Herodias in the previous generation) were making precisely the same kind of marital and extra-marital arrangements with people no less despised than Nero's freedman Felix and the destroyer of Jerusalem and emperor to be Titus. Presumably they, too, were making the same excuse, 'to save their people'. <strong>The</strong>refore Esther would have been seen as particularly repugnant in a way that these tales - containing no hint of illicit activity or sexual impropriety - were not. For their part, the Maccabee books present 'the day of Mordechai' as preceded by a feast day they call 'the day of Nicanor'. On this day, which they present like Hannukah as having been ratified by popular vote, the head of a particularly despised foreign enemy of the Jews was hung from the citadel of Jerusalem (2 Macc. 15:35, a particularly zealous proponent of this kind of activity).
Translation Column 2 (or later) (1) a man, unless the king knows; indeed, there exists . . . (2) and the witness shall not perish. <strong>The</strong>y have believed what is upright . . . (3) 0 king, Fratervana the son of . . . has . . . (4) there fell upon him fear of the (contents of) the archi[ves . . .] (5) the foundations of the king that you shall spe[ak] and be given . . . (6) my house [and] my [po]ssessions for everything that . . . (7) shall you be able to take up your father's occupation? . . . Column 3 (or later) (1) the foundations of the king that you shall speak to the prince (?) . . . (2) Fratervana [your] father from the day that he took up his occupation before the king . . . (3) for him he did honestly and . . . before him . . . (4) and he said the foundations of . . . (7) pea[ce] . . .
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Dead Sea Scrolls Uncovered by Rober
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● ● Index (Removed) Plates Pict
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The Dead Sea Scrolls Uncovered The
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Introduction Why should anyone be i
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consignments, then more insistently
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Texts and fragments are translated
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entire corpus of pictures completel
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'Perfection of the Way' and 'zeal f
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as Judgement' throughout, so that t
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Chapter 1 - Messianic and Visionary
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He is to a certain extent a superna
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1991. Since then much discussion ha
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Chapter 3 below. Not only is it use
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[the sl]ai[n of the] Kitti[m] . . .
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Translation Fragment 1 (1) ... the
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Covenant' incumbent on all 'the Rig
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a book of the utmost importance for
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presumably an Angel - possibly even
Page 43 and 44: Translation Column 2 (9)...sixteen
Page 45 and 46: Righteous), etc. These themes shoul
Page 47 and 48: Translation Fragment 1 (1) ... to t
Page 49 and 50: Chapter 2 - Prophets and Pseudo-Pro
Page 51: this document, are also the backbon
Page 54 and 55: person, where it would appear to be
Page 56 and 57: Fragment 3 (1)...(2)... the Lord, a
Page 59 and 60: Translation Fragment 1 (1) and my p
Page 61 and 62: kingdoms (see also the Vision of th
Page 63 and 64: Translation (1)... Daniel befo[re..
Page 65 and 66: God, War Scroll, etc.., whether tak
Page 68 and 69: Translation Fragment 1 Column 1 (5)
Page 70 and 71: araméens de Qumran 4', Revue Bibli
Page 72 and 73: another example of rewriting and de
Page 74 and 75: analysis of the scheme of this cale
Page 76 and 77: as yet been revealed. The Damascus
Page 78: Put another way, one has irrefutabl
Page 81 and 82: Column 1 (1) in the 480th [year] of
Page 83 and 84: this are important, as is the provo
Page 85 and 86: Translation Column 1 (Fragments 1 a
Page 87 and 88: 18. Enochic Book Of Giants (4Q532)
Page 89 and 90: Translation Fragment 1 (1) . . . al
Page 91: son, on the day of the festival of
Page 95 and 96: (references are to primeval dates,
Page 97 and 98: Chapter 4 - Calendrical Texts and P
Page 99: (9) Jeshua, (10) Shecaniah, (11) El
Page 103 and 104: secon[d] (year): The first lunar mo
Page 105: [Remembrance]. In H[uppah is the Da
Page 108 and 109: the thirtieth = the seventh of the
Page 110: confirms 'were dominated in all thi
Page 114 and 115: Fragment 2 (1) [. . . the four]th [
Page 116 and 117: [On the sixteenth is the Sabbath of
Page 118 and 119: determined the name according to th
Page 120 and 121: third, the sign of Shecaniah;] (2)
Page 122 and 123: Previous Discussions: J. T. Milik,
Page 124: In 2 Chr. 16:4 Abel Mayin is design
Page 128 and 129: Fragment 1 Column 2 (8) [Your] a[ye
Page 130 and 131: The use of the word 'swallow' in Co
Page 132 and 133: you will rejoice [in your God. Now]
Page 134: upper-class establishment and the m
Page 137 and 138: 30. Testament Of Amram (4Q543, 545-
Page 140 and 141: Translation Manuscript C Column 1 (
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The surviving portions of the Qumra
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Translation Column 2 (or later) (1)
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particular, is important, when it c
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Translation Column 1 (1) [The word]
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Translation Fragment 1 (2) . . . wi
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the word 'Satan' and further adumbr
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Translation Column 1 (1) [Now, hear
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Angel around . . . (5) a Wat[cher]
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Chapter 6 - Works Reckoned as Right
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of the Second Letter looks very lik
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tangible throughout the document. H
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issue of gifts from Gentiles. Also,
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a sabbath; (100) on the tenth (101)
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36. The Second Letter On Works Reck
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Translation (2) . . . because they
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the Way in the wilderness'. The ref
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lood of her purification. [She shou
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Translation Fragment 1 Column 1 (1)
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39. Laws Of The Red Heifer (Purity
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un]clean until the eve[n]ing. The m
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guilty of breaking it all.' This pa
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'exact sense of the Law'. The actua
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(37) A Pleasing Fragrance (Halakhah
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Merkabah mysticism. It is a work of
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Secrets', 'secret Truth', 'Treasure
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Surely [they are the to]t of Darkne
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. (5) Your Holiness . . . (6) you h
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published Hymns from Cave 1 by the
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Translation Fragment 1 (1) . . . Un
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'obscure Mysteries' - even 'the Mys
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Translation The Eternal Planting Fr
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destroyed, and the sons of Wickedne
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e covered, but by your arbitration
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Chapter 8 - Divination, Magic and M
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was slowly moving in relation to th
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Translation Fragment 1 (5) [and on
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Translation Column 1 (Fragments 1-4
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Translation Fragment 1 Column 1 (1)
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Translation Fragment 1 (1) Ham and
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It will be recalled that the term '
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Way], and also to mix the . . . (7)
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imaginary or allegorical; or about
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we have seen, in i.6-7 of the Damas
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Previous Discussion: J. Starcky, 'L
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Text 33 Text 34 Text35a Text 33: Th
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