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APPENDIX A Babylon, falsely priestly, is herself the burnt-offering. It is another reversal of expectations. In fire shall she be burnt, When they see the Smoke of her burning; and finally when the shout of triumph goes up, Alleluia: for her Smoke goeth up forever and ever. She is turned into a continual burnt-offering. (Compare Lev. 6:13.) Nor is that the end. One ceremony remains. The high priest’s cup of wine, the drink-offering, must be poured out. This too is not forgotten, but it is turned into a communion. To give her the cup of the wine of the anger of his wrath for she is drunk with the blood of the saints and with the blood of the martyrs of Jesus. Repay to her as she repaid; and double and redouble according to her works. So ends the blood avenging. In her was found the blood of prophets and saints and all who were slain for sacrifice upon the land (18 and 19). 6. The Psalms. – After the drink-offering was poured out, came the psalms; there was a “shout”; there were trumpets; there were prostration and silence; there was for the first time instrumental music. All this is reflected in the Alleluia chorus which goes up after the fall of Babylon. The detail of it need not detain us here, except that the Alleluias recall the last psalms of the book; and that each chorus begins with Alleluia, though in one case it has been translated into “Praise our God” (19:1-10). 7. The Feast on the Sacrifice. – Sin-offerings were followed by the eating of part of the sacrifice by the priest. Two feasts follow the psalmody here, one for God’s friends, and one for his enemies. The first is the marriage feast of the lamb, with its obvious reference to the eucharist (19:9). The other is the invitation to the birds of heaven to feed on the flesh of those who fall in the wars of the messiah (19:17). The Hebrew part of the book has two further liturgical points in it before it closes: (1) The Coming Out of the Great High Priest (19:11) in which the liturgical symbolism is already gone; he comes out of heaven, not out of the Naos. The Naos in heaven seems to vanish with the earthly temple. I have dealt with the symbolism of this passage; but it is worth noting again the fine linen, and the priestly garment splashed with blood. One fine point is the name written on the thigh; I have given an explanation in the text, which I think is the central one. But it is worth noting that priestly sacredness attached to the thigh; it was a part of the sin-offering that went to the priest. I have seen medieval Jewish drawings with a letter engraved on the thigh. But I do not know the explanation. (2) The New Naos (21:3). Here too the liturgical symbolism is gone, though the description of the new order which replaces the old Jerusalem is taken from Leviticus: “Behold the Tabernacle of God is with men, and he shall Tabernacle with them, and they shall be his peoples, and he (God with them) shall be their God.” The word Tabernacle is used, but there is only a ghost of the old priestly symbolism. The new sanctuary is universal, human, catholic, not national or local. He goes on to describe it more fully in chapter 22; but that belongs to the later part of the book, that deals with Christian worship. I have dealt fairly fully in this appendix with the liturgical background of the book, because it seems to have been neglected and yet to be all important. It sheds a great deal of light on the tone and motives of the book. It reinforces the view that Babylon is priestly Jerusalem. It may shed some light on the development of Christian worship, and even on the worship in the temple. I cannot pretend to have done more than blaze a trail through a dense forest of obscurities; and what I have revealed, I do not profess to understand. Until we know what a Jew felt when he saw the blood being splashed on the altar, or the fire consuming the lamb of the Tamid, we can hardly expect to enter into the complexities of the liturgical poetry of St. John. 240
APPENDIX A A. HEBREW SACRIFICE Revelation. The Jerusalem Sacrifices. 1-3 Introductory. The High Priest. 4 Christian Worship A. The Creator. The Temple Ornaments. 5 Christian Worship B. The Lamb. 1. The lamb killed at dawn. 6 (The Four Horsemen). Souls under Altar. Blood splashed on altar. (Sixth seal.) 7 Christian Worship C. The Martyrs. (Feast of Tabernacles.) 8 The Trumpets. Three Trumpets. Offering of Incense. This does not occur at this point in the daily ritual; but it does on the Day of Atonement. See below. In the Temple ritual the Silence follows the burning of the Incense. 9 (The Trumpets, originally three, symbolise the prophetic message.) 11 (The Call of St. John, and his witness against Jerusalem.) Opening of Sanctuary in Heaven. Gates of Temple and Sanctuary opened. 12 & 13 (The Great Interlude.) 14 The Lamb and his Followers on 2. Preparation of Sacrifice. Mount Sion. Lamb skinned, cut up, washed, First fruits. Without blemish. laid by altar. The Harvest (Passover). The meal offering. Bread. The Vintage (Ingathering). The drink offering. Wine. 15 Song of Moses and the Lamb. Pause for prayer and praise. The Sanctuary Opens. 3. Offering of Incense. The Smoke of the Glory. Silence. No one may enter the Sanctuary. Intercession. St. John has placed the Incense symbolism earlier, though the smoke recalls it here. On the Day of Atonement no one might enter the sanctuary till the High Priest had finished his work there. 16 Pouring of the Blood. The Seven Bowls. In the daily ritual this is done at the beginning; but on the Day of Atonement the High Priest smeared the mercy seat and altar with blood at this point. 17, 18 Babylon Burned. 4. The Burning of the Victim. Her Cup. The Cup poured out. 17:16 refers to the ritual of the sin-offering; 17:2, 3 is reminiscent of the scapegoat. 19 Alleluia Chorus. 5. The Psalms. Song and Instruments. The Marriage Supper of the Lamb. The High Priest out of Heaven (cf. Ecclus. 50). The Great Supper of God. 6. The Feast on the Sacrifice. 20 (Wars of the Messiah and Judgments.) 21,22 The Tabernacle of God with Men (cf. Lev. 26:11-12). Christian Worship D. The Universal Worship of Mankind. NOTE – This chart shows how the structure of the older part of Revelation follows the events of the daily sacrifice, with variations suggested by the ritual of the Day of Atonement. 241
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But when you see Jerusalem surround
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Copyright @ 1987 by Dominion Press
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FOREWORD Foreword Readers of the Bo
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PUBLISHER’S PREFACE Publisher’s
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PUBLISHER’S PREFACE case for esch
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PUBLISHER’S PREFACE this book bec
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PUBLISHER’S PREFACE In contrast,
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INTRODUCTION St. Irenaeus is somewh
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INTRODUCTION we must be saved” (A
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INTRODUCTION previous relationship
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INTRODUCTION You have lain down as
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INTRODUCTION are only elaborating a
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INTRODUCTION early churches had suc
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INTRODUCTION actions mean more than
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INTRODUCTION Some will complain tha
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INTRODUCTION Outline of Revelation
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1:1-3 that must shortly take place.
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1:4-6 accomplishment. We probably h
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1:7-8 observe that a central aspect
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1:9 14 And His head and His hair we
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1:16 That all the peoples, nations,
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1:20 things that must shortly take
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INTRODUCTION TO PART TWO Part Two H
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INTRODUCTION TO PART TWO The confli
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2:4-6 endure evil men. . . . And yo
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2:9-10 dead, and has come to life:
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2:14-16 expression (none of which m
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2:18-23 and leads my servants astra
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2:26-29 end, to him I will give aut
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3:4-6 church, or even against a nat
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3:8-11 And I will clothe him with y
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3:14-16 sons disinherited and cast
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3:21-22 the elders of a church, and
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INTRODUCTION TO PART THREE The laws
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4:2-3 numerous names and descriptio
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4:5-8 superseded and transcended; t
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4:5-8 19) led Biblical writers to s
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5:1-4 family worship; it is radical
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5:5-7 St. John; and it seems as if
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5:8-10 have gained the victory for
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6:1-2 6 IN THE PATH OF THE WHITE HO
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6:3-4 forth conquering, and to conq
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6:9-10 And authority was given to h
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6:15-17 that Israel’s time has ru
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7:4-8 Though he flourishes among th
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7:4-8 they were listening to the Ap
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7:9 is presumably deliberate, for i
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7:10-14 inheriting the Kingdom (Mat
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7:15-17 They will not hunger or thi
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8:3-5 for that would be about the l
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8:6-7 rout the Midianites, in Judge
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8:12 13 And I looked, and I heard a
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9:13 The vegetation of the earth is
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9:20-21 lations advanced by some co
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9:20-21 men much more atheistical t
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10:2-4 beyond reasonable doubt that
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10:8-10 the Spirit at Pentecost was
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11:1-2 angelic priest measures the
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11:7 have the power to shut up the
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11:11-14 climax with the murder of
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11:16-18 month in the liturgical ye
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12:1-2 12 THE HOLY WAR The Book of
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12:1-2 birth to the Christ, to brin
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12:4 Daniel repeats the same idea i
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12:5-9 Chronologically, this explan
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12:12 And when we see the Lord warr
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12:17 for the action of Pharaoh, wh
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13:3-4 of the ten imperial province
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13:8-10 The Beast was given authori
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13:13-14 character and office (1 Co
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13:18 work throughout Revelation ar
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13:18 ✩ ✩✩ ✩★✩ ✩★
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14:1 14 THE KING ON MOUNT ZION St.
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14:6-7 have seen, the Church on ear
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14:9-13 understanding (Prov. 9:1-6)
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14:14-16 I may find them prompt; na
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14:19-20 And now, O inhabitants of
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their Chalices of wrath, one of the
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15:3-4 sacrifices; and the Glory of
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15:8 We should be reminded in this
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16:1-3 5 And I heard the Angel of t
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16:10-11 the heat of the sun by the
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16:15-16 established here, for the
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16:19 thereof, concerning which the
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17:1 17 THE FALSE BRIDE While some
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17:3 action throughout history in s
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17:8 Jerusalem’s whole history, i
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17:13-16 (v. 2), as the instruments
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18:1-2 priority over the kingdoms o
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18:6-8 His people to come out of Ba
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18:17-19 sanctuary two lampstands r
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18:20-21 They went down into the de
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19:1-2 19 THE FEASTS OF THE KINGDOM
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19:3-8 of vengeance, in order that
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Page 212 and 213: 21:1 21 THE NEW JERUSALEM The Bible
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Page 230 and 231: CONCLUSION the pure Bride-City, is
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Page 234 and 235: APPENDIX A it is reflected in “It
Page 236 and 237: APPENDIX A make him a pillar in the
Page 238 and 239: APPENDIX A and wine the night befor
Page 242 and 243: APPENDIX A B. CHRISTIAN WORSHIP 1.
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Page 246 and 247: APPENDIX B The Bible teaches us tha
Page 248 and 249: APPENDIX C APPENDIX C Common Grace,
Page 250 and 251: APPENDIX C for all eternity because
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Page 256 and 257: APPENDIX C universe. It is governed
Page 258 and 259: APPENDIX C completed, the world was
Page 260 and 261: APPENDIX C deceive the nations. The
Page 262 and 263: APPENDIX C creeds and theological u
Page 264 and 265: APPENDIX C coherence that at least
Page 266 and 267: APPENDIX C There is continuity in l
Page 268 and 269: Athanasius. On the Incarnation of t
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