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ARISTOTLE 93
the necessity of holding one's tongue, if one has anything
that he wishes to impart to the world, as is the case of those
who have no skill in composition.
It is the literary style which is the most finished and the
controversial which is the best suited to declamation. Controversial
oratory again is of two kinds, ethical Litera and
and emotional. This is the reason why actors controversial
are fond of such dramas and poets of such
dramatis persona as lend themselves to the treatment of
character or emotion. But it is
poets who write to be
read whose works are in everybody's hands, such as
Chieremon who is as finished as a * professional speechwriter
and Licymnius among the dithyrambic poets. Also
a comparison of the speeches of literary men and those of
rhetoricians shows that the former are found in actual contests
to be meagre, and the latter, although highly commemkd,
to be inartistic, when taken in the hands and closely
studied. The reason is that they are adapted
to an actual
contest; hence the speeches which are intended to be declaimed,
when the declamation is removed, appear ridiculous,
ling to discharge their proper function. Thus the use
ndeta and the frequent repetition of the same word are
rightly reprol ated in the literary Myle, but are actually
sought by orators in the controversial style for their dramatic
in >uch repetition- there must be some- variety
oj expression, which pavo the way, if I may so speak,
for declamation,
as e.g. in the words " Hen- is he who robbed you;
* The term \oyoypdot is fully discussed by Mr. Cope in his note on
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