Annual Report 2006

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developed for azuki bean is that it can be used not only for genetic and QTL mapping in azuki bean but also the many other cultivated Asian . We have confirmed that approximately 70% of the SSR primer pairs amplify a certain DNA fragment even in Asian not closely related to azuki bean. Thus using the SSR primers genome maps for other important crops, like mungbean, can now be developed. The significance of this azuki bean genetic linkage map is that it can act as a standard for comparative mapping in the Asian . In addition, since azuki bean belongs to the temperate group of legumes, that includes common bean ( ) and soybean ( ), this map will be helpful for comparative genome research across the worlds most important legume crops. Allele diversity and evolution of gene generated by multiple transposable elements in foxtail millet Makoto KAWASE Genebank Foxtail millet, P. is one of the worlds oldest cultivated crops. It is most likely to have been domesticated in Eurasia and genetically differentiated into various landrace groups. The naturally occurring waxy and low-amylose variants of this millet and other cereals were developed in East Asia and Southeast Asia under human selection for sticky foods. Mutations in the gene for granule-bound starch synthase 1 are known to be associated with these traits. Twelve different alleles were found on gene in foxtail millet based on the analysis of 871 landraces collected from various regions mainly in Europe and Asia, which are conserved in NIAS Genebank. Twelve alleles were identified by Long PCR: types I to X, IVa and IVb (Fig. 1). Types I and II produce non-waxy endosperm starch containing over 22% amylose, types III, VI and IX forms low amylose endosperm (less than 22% amylose), and types IV, IVa, IVb, V, VII, VIII and X cause waxy endosperm (almost no amylose). The differentiation of those alleles has been mediated by eleven transposable elements insertions, TSI-1 to TSI-11, studied in the present study. Type I is distributed through Asia and Europe, while others have their own distribution particularly in East Asia and Southeast Asia (Fig. 2). All of the twelve accessions of ssp. viridis, the presumed wild ancestor of ssp. , have the type I allele. Type II similarly produces non-waxy starch, although it has an insertion in an intron, . Fig. 1 Allele diversity of locus in foxtail millet (Kawase et al., 2005)
Fig. 2 Geographical distribution of alleles of foxtail millet (Kawase 2005) Types III, IV, IVa, IVb and IX have insertions of different length at the same site of the Intron 1, and types VI and VIII have insertions of different length at the same site of intron 12. of type IX is homologous with of types IV, IVa and IVb but have a deleted portion. Type III has an additional insertion () on of type IX. Type V has a retroposon ( ) inserted in intron 3. of type X is its Solo-LTR variant. Intergenic reconbinat of types II and VI were rarely found. Fig. 3 Mode of evolution of alleles of foxtail millet (Kawase 2005)
Page 1 and 2: 2006
Page 3 and 4: Teruo Ishige, President The Nationa
Page 5 and 6: List of Publication Original paper
Page 7 and 8: Topics of Research in This Year Pos
Page 9: studies. To construct a fully satur
Page 13 and 14: (ABR0015, ABR0257, ABR0417, ABR0495
Page 15 and 16: Mulberry latex defense mulberry tre
Page 17 and 18: Fig. 2 Growth inhibitory effects of
Page 19 and 20: Fig. 3 Change of the levels of luci
Page 21 and 22: Next, we examined the effect of tra
Page 23 and 24: G enome Research Department Introdu
Page 25 and 26: The Rice Annotation Project Databas
Page 27 and 28: industrial and agricultural concern
Page 29 and 30: One of the main problems involving
Page 31 and 32: Fig. 3 Mapping of QTL for rachis in
Page 33 and 34: two genes, XOO2263 and XOO4134 cont
Page 35 and 36: G enebank Genebank Project The NIAS
Page 37 and 38: using dormant winter buds. Also, we
Page 39 and 40: Insect and Animal Sciences Division
Page 41 and 42: Expression patterns of two novel ge
Page 43 and 44: Fig. 5 PGC and EBC fused cells PGCs
Page 45 and 46: cells. The epidermal cells maintain
Page 47 and 48: Animal and cell culture models for
Page 49 and 50: terminus, respectively. A signal se
Page 51 and 52: Fig. 2 Trehalose content of body pa
Page 53 and 54: Fig. 6 Birth weight of 11 adult SNT
Page 55 and 56: The role of glucose as a metabolic
Page 57 and 58: analysis using microsatellite marke
Page 59 and 60: Fig. 2 Recorded Electromyograms (le
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Table 1 Menu of Commercial silkworm
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Fig. 3 Expression of GFP gene in th
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also surveyed in the genetic stocks
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esearch were located in or near gen
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elatives results in severe reductio
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and circadian clocks may control th
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B iochemistry Department Structural
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Proteomic analysis Based on the pro
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photoautotrophic medium (Fig. 1B).
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Fig. 4 Blast resistance of OsWRKY45
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phosphatase activity by SIPK depend
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the endosperm in co-operation with
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isolated genes in transgenic Anal
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Fig. 1 Gene structures and mutation
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cytochimera among the mulberries (
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15 G. Hariraj, Kinoshita Haruo, T.
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49 Kameda Tsunenori, Teramoto Hidet
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85 Matsuyama Shuichi, Ohkura Satosh
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120 Ozawa Kenjiro, Kawahigashi Hiro
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155 Taguchi-Shiobara Fumio, Yamamot
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192 Ueno Osamu, Agarie Sakae, (2005
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8 Murakami Ritsuko, Koyama Akio, Sh
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20 Todoroki Junichi, Kaneko Hiroyuk
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Executive Members and Research Staf
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Developmental Biology Department Di
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Research Leader Hayasaka Shoji Rese
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Mutation Genetics Laboratory Head N
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thousands of yen TOTAL BUDGET OPERA
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Annual Report 2006 (Apr. 2005Mar. 2
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Annual Report 2006

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