Annual Report 2006

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Annual Report 2006 (Apr.2005 Mar.2006) (In the fiscal year 2005)
Teruo Ishige, President The National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), which is the largest agricultural research institute of basic life science in Japan, was established on 1 April 2001 as an independent administrative institution of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries and a center for basic studies to develop innovative agricultural biotechnologies and new bioindustries. The Second Five-year Plan started on 1 April 2006. During the next five years, the Institute will advance the technologies developed in the First Five-year Plan. These include sequencing of the entire rice genome; sequencing of the silkworm genome and recombination of livestock and silkworm genes; and bioscience research that will help improve human nutrition and promote the creation of new bioindustries. In the Second Five-year Plan, the Institute will focus on: (1) improvement, diversity and utility of agrobiological resources - we will utilize resources that we have built up in the course of research on the genes of rice, silkworms, and pigs and will secure other genetic resources; (2) research on, and development of, innovative agricultural technologies using biological and genome information - we will study organisms with a view to their ability to adapt to their environments, differentiate, and interact with other organisms; and (3) research and development aimed at creating new biotechnology-based industries - we will develop biotechnologies to produce useful materials, such as silk-based products that can be used in everyday items and in medical practice. There is an urgent need to develop technologies in these three subject areas, because each of them is important and is expected to contribute greatly to society. The Institute will make further efforts to maximize the benefits of biotechnology. One of the major biotechnologies in which the Institute is involved is the recombination of genes in crops, insects (silkworms), and animals. This technology is based on fundamental principles related to the building blocks of life in which DNA provides the templates for building amino acids into proteins. The principles are essentially the same as those on which conventional breeding technologies and successes are based. Gene recombination and other biotechnologies are developing rapidly; however, their high level of sophistication may make them difficult for the general public to understand. In addition, the media is now reporting on the potential risks of using biotechnology. Since the development of basic gene recombination technologies in the 1970s, these technologies have been used to develop a number of drugs to help patients with diseases such as diabetes, and to improve human health. Agricultural plants developed using these new technologies are now widely cultivated in many countries and are consumed in Japan and elsewhere in foods for humans and in animal feeds. Because due consideration has been given to securing safety in both the research and development of gene-recombination technology and its application, few concerns have arisen in regard to its influence on the environment and the safety of its use in food production. Biotechnologies have great potential, and there is fierce global competition to lead in these fields. Gene-recombination technology is spreading widely because it provides opportunities to make use of scientific discoveries in many areas of biology. Advanced biotechnologies are indispensable in helping to solve problems in the areas of global food supply, the environment, and medicine. We believe that biotechnology research will contribute to the well-being of the human race. Thus there is a need for the public to gain an understanding of the importance of the wise use of biotechnology for the future good of humankind. As part of the Second Five-year Plan, all the staff at NIAS are determined to make a concerted effort to achieve more great results like the sequencing of the entire rice genome achieved under the First Five-year Plan. We thank all of those involved for their cooperation, and we look forward to your continued support, understanding, and collaboration. The buildings of NIAS in the cherry blossoms season
Page 1: 2006
Page 5 and 6: List of Publication Original paper
Page 7 and 8: Topics of Research in This Year Pos
Page 9 and 10: studies. To construct a fully satur
Page 11 and 12: Fig. 2 Geographical distribution of
Page 13 and 14: (ABR0015, ABR0257, ABR0417, ABR0495
Page 15 and 16: Mulberry latex defense mulberry tre
Page 17 and 18: Fig. 2 Growth inhibitory effects of
Page 19 and 20: Fig. 3 Change of the levels of luci
Page 21 and 22: Next, we examined the effect of tra
Page 23 and 24: G enome Research Department Introdu
Page 25 and 26: The Rice Annotation Project Databas
Page 27 and 28: industrial and agricultural concern
Page 29 and 30: One of the main problems involving
Page 31 and 32: Fig. 3 Mapping of QTL for rachis in
Page 33 and 34: two genes, XOO2263 and XOO4134 cont
Page 35 and 36: G enebank Genebank Project The NIAS
Page 37 and 38: using dormant winter buds. Also, we
Page 39 and 40: Insect and Animal Sciences Division
Page 41 and 42: Expression patterns of two novel ge
Page 43 and 44: Fig. 5 PGC and EBC fused cells PGCs
Page 45 and 46: cells. The epidermal cells maintain
Page 47 and 48: Animal and cell culture models for
Page 49 and 50: terminus, respectively. A signal se
Page 51 and 52: Fig. 2 Trehalose content of body pa
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Fig. 6 Birth weight of 11 adult SNT
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The role of glucose as a metabolic
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analysis using microsatellite marke
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Fig. 2 Recorded Electromyograms (le
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Table 1 Menu of Commercial silkworm
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Fig. 3 Expression of GFP gene in th
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also surveyed in the genetic stocks
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esearch were located in or near gen
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elatives results in severe reductio
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and circadian clocks may control th
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B iochemistry Department Structural
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Proteomic analysis Based on the pro
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photoautotrophic medium (Fig. 1B).
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Fig. 4 Blast resistance of OsWRKY45
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phosphatase activity by SIPK depend
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the endosperm in co-operation with
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isolated genes in transgenic Anal
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Fig. 1 Gene structures and mutation
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cytochimera among the mulberries (
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15 G. Hariraj, Kinoshita Haruo, T.
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49 Kameda Tsunenori, Teramoto Hidet
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85 Matsuyama Shuichi, Ohkura Satosh
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120 Ozawa Kenjiro, Kawahigashi Hiro
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155 Taguchi-Shiobara Fumio, Yamamot
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192 Ueno Osamu, Agarie Sakae, (2005
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8 Murakami Ritsuko, Koyama Akio, Sh
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20 Todoroki Junichi, Kaneko Hiroyuk
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Executive Members and Research Staf
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Developmental Biology Department Di
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Research Leader Hayasaka Shoji Rese
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Mutation Genetics Laboratory Head N
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thousands of yen TOTAL BUDGET OPERA
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Annual Report 2006 (Apr. 2005Mar. 2
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Annual Report 2006

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