Annual Report 2006

Fig. 1
Phylogenetic relationships among species
A strict consensus tree was calculated using the
maximum parsimony method based on the sequence
data of 18 chloroplast DNA regions. Tree length = 264,
confidence interval =0.8659, retention index =0.9299,
rescaled consistency index =0.8912. Species names
and abbreviations of each accession (in parentheses)
are shown. If two accessions of the same species have
identical sequences, they are shown as 2 acc. The
numbers above the nodes represent bootstrap values
expressed as the percentage of 1,000 bootstrap
replications.
and
form an independent clade; (2)
has a paraphyletic relationship
with the other five species; and (3) no or very
low intraspecific variation was observed in
and whereas higher intraspecific
variation was observed in
Based on the number of nucleotide
substitutions, the divergence time between
and and between
and maize were calculated to be
about 730-780 thousand years ago and about 5.9
million years ago, respectively. These results
suggest that the cytoplasm of
species are very closely related.
Analysis of a large seeded
mutant in black gram
The Asian consists of domesticated
species among them is black gram. A mutant of
this species has a seed size about double that of
traditional cultivated black gram and six times
the size of wild black gram (Fig. 2a). This
mutant is also larger in other organs such as
leaves (Fig. 2b). In order to determine the
location of this mutation(s) on the black gram
genome, a genome map was developed based
on a cross between the mutant black gram and
Fig. 2
Variation in (a) seeds and (b) leaves of mutant,
cultivated and wild black gram
wild black gram. In a BC1F1 population of 180
individuals from this cross 148 marker loci
could be assigned to the 11 linkage groups that
corresponds to the haploid chromosome
number of black gram. This is the first genetic
linkage map for black gram and it was
compared with that of a close relative, azuki
bean. Inversions, insertions, deletions /
duplications and a translocation were detected
between the black gram and azuki bean linkage
maps. Domestication trait QTL, including seed
size, locations have been identified on the
genome map of black gram.
Identification and mapping of
QTL for rachis internode length
associated with cleistogamy in
barley
General knowledge of the closed flowering
trait, or cleistogamy, of barley,
L., is still limited. We studied the
relationship between cleistogamy and characters
of spike morphology and detected a linkage of