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IMPLICATIONS OF SENSE/ANTISENSE NUCLEIC-ACID CODONS ON AMINO-ACID COUNTS between G → & C ← ), but not between “symparallel” C → & G → (or C ← & G ← ). A similar comment applies for A & U (or T). That is, the conformational structure of each nucleotide is evidently different along the two different directions of a chain. Overall this evidently accounts for the fact that nucleotide sequences always form copies in antiparallel directions, rather than symparallel directions (with complementation). This, seemingly, is an evolutionarily selected (or) condition for faithful transcription. CONCLUSION Beyond the presumption of sense/antisense reading of codons, our exposition here arises from just very basic facts of molecular genetics. Under such (sense/antisense) conditions, we have found novel biological consequences enounced in Propositions 4, 5, and 6. Being rigorous consequences of these conditions, the amino-acid count relations may be used as tests for either Chargaff’s sense/antisense hypothesis (in RNA) or for our codonic palindromic conglomerate condition (whence, then, Zull’s hypothesis). That is, if our aminoacid conditions are not met, then this denies both Chargaff’s and Zull’s hypotheses. Finally, we may mention two other recent works [13, 14] which consider similar biological matters in a wider algebraic context. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank Profs. Alexandru Balaban (Galveston) and James Zull (Cleveland) for their comments. Also, our thanks are addressed to Dr. Anton N. Ryzhov (Moscow, Russia) for his help in preparing the drawings. Support (through grant BD–0894) from the Welch Foundation of Houston, Texas, is acknowledged. REFERENCES 1. L.B. Meckler, Biofizika, 1969, 14, 581. 2. R.G. Idlis, Zhurnal Vses. Khim. Ob-va im. Mendeleeva, 1980, 25, 431. 3. J.E. Zull and S.R. Smith, Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 1990, 15, 257. 4. J.E. Zull, R.C. Taylor, G.S. Michaels, and N.B. Rushforth, Nucleic Acids Research, 1994, 22 (16), 3373. 5. R. Rudner, J.D. Karkas, and E. Chargaff, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1968, 60, 921. 6. M.G. Sadovsky, J.A. Putintseva, and A.S. Shchepanovsky, Theory Biosci., 2008, 127, 69. 7. J.D.D. Watson, “Molecular Biology of the Gene”, 3 rd ed., W. A. Benjamin Inc., New York, 1976. 8. C. Nikolaou and Y. Almirantis, Gene, 2006, 381, 34. 175
VLADIMIR R. ROSENFELD, DOUGLAS J. KLEIN 9. D.R. Forsdyke and J.R. Mortimer, Gene, 2000, 261, 127. 10. E. Chargaff, Nature, 1965, 206, 145. 11. S. Castellano, A.M. Andrés, E. Bosch, M. Bayes, R. Guido, and A.G. Clark, Mol. Biol. Evol., 2009, 26 (9), 2031. 12. G. Srinivasan, C.M. James, and J. A. Krzycki, Science, 2002, 296 (5572), 1409. 13. V.R. Rosenfeld, MATCH Commun. Math. Comput. Chem., 2006, 56 (2), 281. 14. V.R. Rosenfeld., MATCH Commun. Math. Comput. Chem., 2007, 57 (1), 134. 176
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CHEMIA 4/2010
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L.M. PĂCUREANU, A. BORA, L. CRIŞA
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Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai C
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MIRCEA V. DIUDEA theorem in multi-s
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MIRCEA V. DIUDEA 4. M.V. Diudea, Cs
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STUDIA UBB. CHEMIA, LV, 4, 2010 DIA
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DIAMOND D 5 , A NOVEL ALLOTROPE OF
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MONICA L. POP, MIRCEA V. DIUDEA AND
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STUDIA UBB. CHEMIA, LV, 4, 2010 EVA
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EVALUATION OF THE ANTIOXIDANT CAPAC
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STUDIA UBB. CHEMIA, LV, 4, 2010 TO
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TO WHAT EXTENT THE NMR “MOBILE PR
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LORENTZ JÄNTSCHI, SORANA D. BOLBOA
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STUDIA UBB. CHEMIA, LV, 4, 2010 DIA
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DIAGNOSTIC OF A QSPR MODEL: AQUEOUS
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STUDIA UBB. CHEMIA, LV, 4, 2010 MOD
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MODELING THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF
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MODELING THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF
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LILIANA M. PĂCUREANU, ALINA BORA,
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A. R. ASHRAFI, P. NIKZAD, A. BEHMAR
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GHOLAM HOSSEIN FATH-TABAR, ALI REZA
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GHOLAM HOSSEIN FATH-TABAR, ALI REZA
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MODJTABA GHORBANI symmetric but it
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MODJTABA GHORBANI group can be comp
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MODJTABA GHORBANI 10. P.V. Khadikar
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HOSSEIN SHABANI, ALI REZA ASHRAFI,
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MIRCEA V. DIUDEA, CSABA L. NAGY, PE
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MAHBOUBEH SAHELI, MIRCEA V. DIUDEA
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MAHBOUBEH SAHELI, ALI REZA ASHRAFI,
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STUDIA UBB. CHEMIA, LV, 4, 2010 OME
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OMEGA POLYNOMIAL IN CRYSTAL-LIKE NE
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OMEGA POLYNOMIAL IN CRYSTAL-LIKE NE
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STUDIA UBB. CHEMIA, LV, 4, 2010 CLU
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CLUJ CJ POLYNOMIAL AND INDICES IN A
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ALI REZA ASHRAFI, ASEFEH KARBASIOUN
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POPA IULIANA, DRAGOŞ ANA, VLĂTĂN
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ALI IRANMANESH, YASER ALIZADEH, SAM
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DIÁNA WEISER, ANNA TOMIN, LÁSZLÓ
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P. FALUS, Z. BOROS, G. HORNYÁNSZKY
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L. VLASE, M. PÂRVU, A. TOIU, E. A.
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LAURIAN VLASE, DANA MUNTEAN, MARCEL
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CRISTINA BISCHIN, VICENTIU TACIUC,
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MIRCEA V. DIUDEA ⎧max l( pi, j),
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MIRCEA V. DIUDEA Pi () k = [ LM, Sh
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MIRCEA V. DIUDEA CONCLUSIONS The re
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