Crisman Annual Report 2009 - Harold Vance Department of ...

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Fig. 2. CT scanning of 6” long by 2” diameter carbonate core yields porosity and saturation. compared to the slimtube. To overcome the lack of length, a 40-ft slimtube coil is placed ahead of the core to pre-equilibrate the oil with CO 2 . With this arrangement, three types of injections have conducted on unfractured core: waterflood alone, CGI, and CGI followed by water injection after CO 2 depletion. Injecting water after CO 2 depletes the core showed promising results of 18% OOIP incremental recovery. Crisman Annual Report 2009 45
Enhanced Oil Recovery of Viscous Oil by Injection of Water-in-Oil Emulsions Objectives Water-in-Oil (W/O) emulsions have been used for enhancing oil recovery by improving the mobility ratio, thus sweep efficiency, and by miscibility with the reservoir oil, thus reducing residual oil. Heavy crude oil has been used to make W/O emulsions (with addition of nanoparticles) to recover the same oil with very good recovery in a core flooding experiment. However, crude oil emulsions become much more viscous as more water is added, resulting in poor injectivity. Our research objectives are therefore as follows: » Find an oil that can be used to make a moderately viscous emulsion system. » Make stable W/O emulsions out of this oil without the addition of expensive components (e.g., surfactant). » Verify the performance of the emulsion by core flooding experiments. Approach We will make emulsions by adding water into different types of oil, and blending them with a blender. Nanoparticles might be mixed into the oil prior to the addition of water. If a stable emulsion is obtained, its viscosity will be measured at different water content, shear rate, and temperature. Accomplishments Used engine oil is found to be a very good candidate to make stable emulsions (Fig. 1) for several reasons: » Existing soot provides perfect oleophilic nanoparticles to stabilize the W/O emulsion. » Moderate oil viscosity allows moderately high viscosity achievement for the emulsion (Fig. 2). » Stable and well behaved emulsions are obtained simply by blending in water, without extra surfactant or nanoparticles needed. » Used engine oil is produced in large quantities (~1 billion gallons/year) and needs to be recycled–it is therefore relatively cheap. Significance A simple formulated stable emulsion system is obtained, with high potential use as a displacement fluid for heavy oil EOR. 46 Fig. 1. W/O emulsion with used Pennzoil 5W-30 is stable with water content up to 70%. Viscosity (cp) 100000 10000 1000 100 Project Information 1.7.4 Experimental Study of Polymer-Solvent Injection for Enhanced Oil Related Publications Bragg, J.R. 1999. Oil Recovery Method Using an Emulsion. US Patent 5,885,243. D’Elia, S. R. and Ferrer, G. J. Emulsion Flooding of Viscous Oil Reservoirs. Paper SPE 4674, presented at the 1973 annual meeting of SPE of AIME, Las Vegas, Nevada, 30 September. Johnson, C. E. Jr. Status of Caustic and Emulsion Methods. JPT (January 1976) 85-92. Contacts Daulat Mamora 979.845.2962 daulat.mamora@pe.tamu.edu Xuebing Fu 10 0 50 100 150 Shear rate (s -1 ) 200 CRISMAN INSTITUTE 0% water 20% water 40% water 50% water 60% water 70% water Fig. 2. Viscosity at 25ºC of W/O emulsion with used Pennzoil 5W-30 engine oil. Crisman Annual Report 2009
Page 1 and 2: Harold Vance Department of Petroleu
Page 3 and 4: Issue 3, February 2010 Stephen A. H
Page 5 and 6: Combustion Assisted Gravity Drainag
Page 7 and 8: 6 Crisman Annual Report 2009
Page 9 and 10: Summary The Crisman Institute has t
Page 11 and 12: Membership History The Crisman Inst
Page 13 and 14: 12 Crisman Annual Report 2009
Page 15 and 16: An Advisory System for Selecting Dr
Page 17 and 18: A procedure to measure the viscosit
Page 19 and 20: PRISE - Petroleum Resource Investig
Page 21 and 22: Gas Shales Simulation and Productio
Page 23 and 24: Characterization of Rock Transport
Page 25 and 26: An Analytical Approach to Model Sha
Page 27 and 28: P90 P50 P10 Fig. 3. P10, P50 and P9
Page 29 and 30: Density distribution from heat tran
Page 31 and 32: Experimental and Simulation Modelin
Page 33 and 34: Fig. 1. Set up of displacement appa
Page 35 and 36: Study of Solvent-Based Emulsion Inj
Page 37 and 38: Investigation of Hybrid Steam-Solve
Page 39 and 40: Experimental Studies of Steam Injec
Page 41 and 42: Combustion Assisted Gravity Drainag
Page 43 and 44: Well Spacing and Infill Drilling in
Page 45: Experimental and Numerical Simulati
Page 49 and 50: Alternate Power and Energy Storage/
Page 51 and 52: Propagation of Induced Hydraulic Fr
Page 53 and 54: » Use forward modeling of wellbore
Page 55 and 56: Decision Matrix for Liquid Loading
Page 57 and 58: fractions involved, a detailed sens
Page 59 and 60: Transient Multiphase Sand Transport
Page 61 and 62: Carbonate Heterogeneity and Acid Fr
Page 63 and 64: Fracture Aperture Variation Caused
Page 65 and 66: that contained 12 wt% HCl showed th
Page 67 and 68: Evaluation of Polymer-Based In-Situ
Page 69 and 70: Modeling of Discrete Fracture Netwo
Page 71 and 72: Thermo-Poroelastic Finite Element A
Page 73 and 74: Measurement and Correlation of Gas
Page 75 and 76: The falling body viscometer is sele
Page 77 and 78: Fracture permeability (md) 12 10 8
Page 79 and 80: CO 2 Mobility Control using Cross-L
Page 81 and 82: (a) Standard EnKF for permeability
Page 83 and 84: Aquifer Management for CO 2 Sequest
Page 85 and 86: Bibliography List of Theses and Dis
Page 87 and 88: » Florence, Francois; Validation/E
Page 89 and 90: » Diyashev, Ildar; Problems of Flu
Page 91 and 92: » Freeman, C.M., Ilk, D., Moridis,
Page 93 and 94: and Catalyst. Paper presented at th
Page 95: Exhibition, San Antonio, Texas, 24-

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