Proceedings - Translation Concepts

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MuTra 2006 – Audiovisual Translation Scenarios: Conference Proceedings Pilar Orero As such the impression of what is called “reality TV”, matches exactly the concept of “hyper-reality” mentioned above: “This news item is a media simulacrum which is taken for real life” (Barker 2006: 3). Returning to the insert of Bin Laden speaking “VOICE OF TRANSLATOR”, it needs to be emphasized that such insert has not been used for any other political personality or footage in all the archives of the BBC news online videos, which raises the question of why the translator’s presence was so openly acknowledged here. While in some countries such as Spain and Catalonia, translators and their associations lobby for the recognition of authorship of their translations, in other countries such as in the Middle East, and more particularly in Iraq, translators prefer to go unnoticed due to the risk involved in rendering such translations. Examples are given on the webpages by Campagna and Sabra (2004), Human Rights Watch (2006) or in the Daily Times (2004), e.g.: “I expect to be killed at any moment. But I have to work to live” or “I’m supporting my husband. We have to feed and clothe our baby”. In Iraq alone, “nine fixers, translators and drivers have been killed in 2004, while at least a dozen others have been threatened, attacked or injured” (Witchel 2004: 6, cited in Venter 2005: 48). James Dunnigan (2003) and Kadhim Ali (2006) present a chilling account of the role and fate of translators and interpreters in Iraq. Dunnigan (2002) in the Strategy webpage 4 gives advice on how to recruit a translator in Iraq: You want your new translator to understand that he has to play by American rules while he's on the payroll. This is why you want an Arab speaking soldier or Department of Defense civilian to explain this touchy stuff in his native language, to avoid any misunderstanding or unintended insults. There are also religious and ethnic differences in Iraq that could make things dangerous for an Iraqi translator going into the wrong neighborhood. So you have to find out if your applicant can deal with that. A possible answer is that - given the many fatwa issued in recent years to writers and journalists (which in itself is news content) - the profession has decided to play it safe. When a news item is considered to be a “sensitive” issue translators wish to detach themselves from the content in order not to be held responsible for the translation content (and in the above example for voicing Bin Laden words), although in fact they are only doing their job as professionals as the journalists do also. 8 The format of the material Different formats lend themselves particularly well to the feeling of hyper-reality, such as video-conferencing. By filming a video-conference, the overall sensation is that it is taking place in real time. In the above example of Eduard Punset we have the presenter sitting down in the studio and the interviewee who is clearly not there in person, is projected on a wall. 4 StrategyPage gives you rapid access to military news. We report these events as history, not headlines, and provide concise, comprehensive and easy-to-understand descriptions of the troops, their equipment and why wars the world over are being fought. 178
MuTra 2006 – Audiovisual Translation Scenarios: Conference Proceedings Pilar Orero Fig. 2a: Videoconference with Eduard Punset But to heighten the feeling of reality, an insert is added with the words ‘Videoconferencia desde EEUU (Cornell University)’. Fig. 2b: Videoconference with Eduard Punset In this case, the format of video conferencing and its simulated reality is enhanced by the use of the insert on the screen. The feeling is that of reality and immediacy: the interview is taking place in real time, even though as already mentioned earlier, we find Punset interpreting himself simultaneously. 9 Conclusions One of the most salient features of voice-over is that of being associated with non-fiction genres and portraying the feeling of authenticity and faithfulness of the content of translation. As we have seen, voice-over is one more feature to make audiovisual media a construct of reality, which in some extreme cases seems to be more real than reality. 179
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