Proceedings - Translation Concepts

More documents

Recommendations

Info

MuTra 2006 – Audiovisual Translation Scenarios: Conference Proceedings Jenny Mattsson various translating agencies which explains why the TTs are very similar. Relative to discourse markers, the standards at the different channels and companies seem to be almost as powerful as the norms, thus in themselves dictating quantitative and qualitative subtitling choices. According to an extract from the standards at SVT Undertext, which is subtitling for the public television channels SVT1 and SVT2 4 , SVT has a stated standard to include “little words” such as discourse markers into the subtitles whenever possible and thus to be more viewer-oriented and include viewers of different social and linguistic backgrounds as well, e.g. the deaf and hard of hearing. The aspiration to include little words is, it seems, not as noticeable in the commercial channels’ approach to subtitling, a tendency which is mirrored in the lower numbers of discourse marker tokens in the TV3 subtitle for Nurse Betty (Tab. 2). Another possible reason for the difference between the subtitling rendered by public television and DVD on the one hand, and commercial television on the other, is the fact that the working conditions vary in these specific subtitling environments. At the public television channels SVT1 and SVT2, all subtitles are made by SVT Undertext AB (see footnote 3 below, however) and the majority of the employed subtitlers have extensive education and experience, as well as a higher income than the subtitlers at the commercial channel TV3, which has no subtitlers employed, but uses various translating agencies. The agencies subtitling DVD films employ full-time subtitlers as well as subtitlers on a freelance basis. How these varying working conditions might influence the choices made by individual subtitlers in Sweden has not yet been investigated. A possible model of the influences of certain norms, standards and working conditions might look like Figure 3 below; in which the norms (of tradition, written language, literary translation etc), the working conditions, and the standards of subtitling all affect the final subtitling product. Fig. 3: Factors governing the subtitling of discourse markers Of course, there are numerous other factors influencing a final subtitling product, such as various technical constraints, individual translator preferences and target culture audience expectations. This model is just a preliminary look at the complex system surrounding and governing the subtitling process in Sweden today. 4 SVT Undertext AB has (summer/autumn 2006) decided to reform its subtitling production and let external agencies take over the translation of most material aired on SVT1 and SVT2. If /when this takes place the conditions for the subtitled material at SVT will change (i.e. both subtitling standards and working conditions for the subtitlers will change) and the final subtitle product will possibly become more similar to that of the commercial channels. 54
MuTra 2006 – Audiovisual Translation Scenarios: Conference Proceedings Jenny Mattsson 5 Conclusion To summarize and conclude, the system of factors affecting the subtitling process in Sweden decides how features such as swearwords and discourse markers are treated in this mode of translation. We have seen that both of these linguistic features are omitted to a large extent in all three target texts, and that the types/categories of features used are significantly influenced by the traditional way of using these words in Swedish written works and translations. There is, however, a discrepancy between the way swearwords and discourse markers are treated in the TTs; the translation of swearwords are very similar both quantitatively and qualitatively in all three TTs, whereas the translation of discourse markers differs quite considerably between the same TTs. The subtitling of different linguistic features thus seems to be governed by a variety of factors, these factors varying by each feature. As far as the subtitling of swearwords and discourse markers is concerned, this article supports the hypothesis that the former is more inclined to be governed by different sets of translational norms in the target culture than the latter. The subtitling of discourse markers is naturally also governed by translational norms, but this article has argued that these norms, to a larger extent than the swearwords, are co-determined by factors such as the television channels’ varying standards of subtitling, and, possibly, the different working conditions at each channel or translating agency. 6 References Primary sources The English Swedish Parallel Corpus (ESPC). Nurse Betty. 2000. Gramercy Pictures. Nurse Betty subtitles 1. Sveriges television AB, Agneta Malmborg. Nurse Betty subtitles 2. SDI Mediagroup, Niklas Herrström. Nurse Betty subtitles 3. Mediatextgruppen, Agneta Malmborg. Secondary sources Aijmer, Karin (1996): Conversational routines. Convention and creativity. London:Longman. ------ (2002): English Discourse Particles. Evidence from a corpus. Philadelphia: Benjamins. ------ & Simon-Vandenbergen, Anne-Marie (2003): “The discourse marker ‘well’ and its equivalents in Swedish and Dutch”. Linguistics 1 (1). 23-61. Andersson, Lars-Gunnar (2004): Fult språk. Svordomar, dialekter och annat ont. Stockholm; Carlssons bokförlag AB. [English Title: Bad Language] Chapman, Chen (2004): “On the Hong Kong Chinese Subtitling of English Swearwords”. In Meta. 49 (1). 135-147. Chaume, Frederic (2004): “Discourse Markers in Audiovisual Translation”. In Meta. 49 (4). 843-855. Fawcett, Peter (2003): “The Manipulation of Language and Culture in Film Translation”. In María Calzada Pérez (ed.): Apropos of Ideology: Translation Studies in ideology – ideologies in Translation Studies. Manchester & Northampton: St Jerome. 145-163. Fiske, John (2003): Reading Television. London and New York: Routledge Karamitroglou, Fotios (2000): Towards a Methodology for the Investigation of Norms in Audiovisual Translation. Amsterdam & Atlanta: Rodopi. Ljung, Magnus (1984): Om svordomar. I svenskan, engelskan och arton andra språk. Stockholm: Graphic Systems. 55
Page 1 and 2:
Marie Curie EU High Level Scientifi
Page 3:
TABLE OF CONTENTS Part I: Multiling
Page 6 and 7:
MuTra 2006 - Audiovisual Translatio
Page 8 and 9: MuTra 2006 - Audiovisual Translatio
Page 18 and 19: Eduard Bartoll (Barcelona) Contents
Page 38 and 39: Lena Hamaidia (Sheffield) EU-High-L
Page 42 and 43: 3 Marked Structures MuTra 2006 - Au
Page 46 and 47: Scene 2: I know Sign Language MuTra
Page 70 and 71: Stavroula Sokoli (Athens) EU-High-L
Page 78 and 79: EU-High-Level Scientific Conference
Page 96 and 97: I would like to raise five issues:
Page 108 and 109:
Page 110 and 111:
Page 112 and 113:
Page 114 and 115:
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Francisco Utray Delgado (Madrid) U-
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
EU-High-Level Scientific Conference
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Sabine Braun (Surrey) Contents EU-H
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
6 The accent of the voice MuTra 200
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
show all

Proceedings - Translation Concepts

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?