Botryodiplodia sp. - Crops for the Future

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6.2.1.2 Annona muricata Annona muricata is the species out of the genus Annona which produces the biggest flowers as well as the biggest fruits. The common English name is soursop and the Sri Lankan call the plant “katu anoda”. There is no clarity about the exact origin of the fruit. Most authors opine that soursop is native to Central America, the Antilles or the northern South America (DE Q. PINTO et al., 2005, MORTON, 1987b and MAHDEEM, 1994). The soursop was one of the first fruits carried out from South America to the Old World tropics where it has become widely distributed, from southeaster China to Australia and the warm lowlands of eastern and western Africa. It is also found in Sri Lanka up to en elevation of 460 m above sea level (DE Q. PINTO et al., 2005). The soursop tree has a height of 4 to 10 m and is described as a low branching and bushy but slender tree (Figure 7). The evergreen tree has alternated, smooth and glossy leaves with short petioles (3 to 7 mm long). The upper surface is dark green whereas lighter beneath. The leaves are oblong-ovate to cylindrical, 6 to 20 cm long and 3 to 7 cm wide. Figure 7: Annona muricata tree The plant has very big flowers compared to the other Annona species, being 3 to 5 cm long. The greenish-yellow flowers born single and emerge anywhere on the trunk, branches or twigs. Figure 8: Annona muricata The fruits of Annona muricata are oval or heart-shaped, sometimes irregular due to bad pollination (Figure 8). The size of the fruit is very variable in a range from 10 to 30 cm in length and up to 20 cm in width with a weight of 0.5 to 10 kg. The skin of the fruit has many short, fleshy and pointed protuberances and is popularly regarded as “spiny”. The colour is dark green when unripe and turns into a slighter yellowish-green when ripe. Its inner surface is cream-coloured and granular and separates easily from the mass of snow-white, cotton-fibrous, juicy segments surrounding the central, soft-pithy core. 16
MORTON (1987b) describes the aroma of the fruit as follows, the pulp is somewhat pineapple like, but its musky, sub acid to acid flavour is unique. The fruits have a large number of oval, smooth, hard and black seeds, up to 170 in large fruits. 6.2.1.3 Annona squamosa Sugar apple or sweetsop are common English names for Annona squamosa. The sugar apple has the Sri Lankan name “weli anoda” and is the most widely grown of all Annona species. The original home of the fruit is not really known. According to MAHDEEM (1994) Annona squamosa seems to be native in south eastern Mexico. MORTON (1987b) is of the opinion that the origin is unknown. DE Q. PINTO et al. (2005) explains that the plant is native to circum Caribbean or the northern South America lowlands. Today the tree can be found in nearly all tropical countries. Annona squamosa requires tropical or near tropical climates and has a high drought tolerance. It grows best in dry areas. In Sri Lanka the sugar apple flourishes in the wet as well as in the dry zones from sea level to 1100 m elevation (MORTON, 1987b). The deciduous tree reaches a height of 3 to 6 m with an open crown of lateral branches. The alternated leaves are lanceolate or oblong, blunt tipped, 5 to 17 cm long and 2 to 7 cm wide, with an obtuse apex. The colour is brilliant-green on the upper site and bluish-green with a bloom below. The flowers of the sugar apple trees are similar in size and form to the ones of the cherimoya tree. The fruit is globose, heart-shaped or conical in form with a diameter of 5 to 10 cm and a weight of 120 to 330 g (Figure 9). According to MORTON (1987b) the surface of the fruit, which is covered with tuberculates and a powdery bloom resembles a “hand-grenade.” The tuberculates are separating when the fruit is ripe so that the fruit falls to pieces. The creamy white and custard like pulp has a delightfully fragrant and a pleasant sweet-sour flavour. The fruit contains 35 to 45 seeds which are oblong-cylindrical, dark brown and about 1.5 to 2 cm long. Pollination and fruit set problems are similar to those of other annonas. Annona squamosa has a few cultivars including some varieties with a red coloured skin, like A. squamosa `Red´, A. squamosa `Red-speckled´ and A. squamosa `Crimson´ (Figure 10). 17
Page 1: Control of Post Harvest Disease (Bo
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Botryodiplodia sp. - Crops for the Future

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