Botryodiplodia sp. - Crops for the Future

List of Figures
Figure 1: The Sri Lankan Flag ..................................................................................... .... 6
Figure 2: The Sri Lankan coat of arms ........................................................................ ..... 6
Figure 3: Map of Sri Lanka ......................................................................................... ..... 7
Figure 4: Different shapes of the rambutan fruit: 1) oval, 2) ovoid and 3)
Ellipsoid......................................................................................................... .. 12
Figure 5:
The most important rambutan varieties in Sri Lanka: `Malwana Special´,
`Malaysian Yellow´ and `Malaysian Red’ .................................................... .. 12
Figure 6: Annona cherimola ......................................................................................... .. 15
Figure 7: Annona muricata tree .................................................................................... .. 16
Figure 8: Annona muricata ........................................................................................... .. 16
Figure 9: Annona squamosa ......................................................................................... .. 18
Figure 10: A red skinned Annona squamosa fruit ......................................................... . . 18
Figure 11: Annona reticulate .......................................................................................... .. 18
Figure 12: Mature and immature spores of Botryodiplodia sp. ...................................... .. 20
Figure 13:
Petri-dish with Botryodiplodia sp. after seven days (left) and after
four Weeks (right) ....................................................................................... .. 20
Figure 14: A. muricata fruit infected with diplodia rot................................................... .. 21
Figure 15: Phialides of Trichoderma sp.......................................................................... .. 22
Figure 16: Petri-dish with a six day old Trichoderma sp. Colony.................................. .. 22
Figure 17: Trichoderma harzianum parasitizes Pythium ultimum.................................. .. 22
Figure 18: Autoclave at ITI............................................................................................. .. 24
Figure 19: Laminar of flow at ITI................................................................................... .. 24
Figure 20: Incubator at ITI.............................................................................................. .. 25
Figure 21: Soil sampling in a rambutan plantation......................................................... .. 26
Figure 22: Seven days old plate from a soil experiment................................................. .. 27
Figure 23: Isolation of the pathogen on rambutan (five days old plate .......................... .. 28
Figure 24: Preparation of a Petri-dish for a bio-assay .................................................... .. 29
Figure 25: BC-agent with a good (right) and with a bad (leftight) effectiveness ........... .. 30
Figure 26: Experimental series of a bio-assay after two (left) and six (right) days........ .. 30
Figure 27: Humidity chamber of the rambutan cross-inoculation experiment ............... .. 31
Figure 28: Infestation key for the cross-inoculation experiment with sugar apple......... .. 31
Figure 29: Experimental series of a cross-inoculation on A. squamosa
(day 2 to day 6).............................................................................................. .. 32
Figure 30: The twelve Trichoderma sp. found in the soil samples................................. .. 33
Figure 31:
The four Botryodiplodia sp. isolates which were used for all
Experiments................................................................................................... .. 33
Figure 32: Results of the cross-inoculation on rambutan ............................................... .. 34
Figure 33: Results of the cross-inoculation on Annona muricata................................... .. 35
Figure 34: Results of the cross-inoculation on Annona squamosa................................. .. 35
Figure 35: Organisation structure of the ITI................................................................... .. 41
Figure 36: List of the bio-control agents isolated ........................................................... .. 42
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