Botryodiplodia sp. - Crops for the Future

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List of Figures Figure 1: The Sri Lankan Flag ..................................................................................... .... 6 Figure 2: The Sri Lankan coat of arms ........................................................................ ..... 6 Figure 3: Map of Sri Lanka ......................................................................................... ..... 7 Figure 4: Different shapes of the rambutan fruit: 1) oval, 2) ovoid and 3) Ellipsoid......................................................................................................... .. 12 Figure 5: The most important rambutan varieties in Sri Lanka: `Malwana Special´, `Malaysian Yellow´ and `Malaysian Red’ .................................................... .. 12 Figure 6: Annona cherimola ......................................................................................... .. 15 Figure 7: Annona muricata tree .................................................................................... .. 16 Figure 8: Annona muricata ........................................................................................... .. 16 Figure 9: Annona squamosa ......................................................................................... .. 18 Figure 10: A red skinned Annona squamosa fruit ......................................................... . . 18 Figure 11: Annona reticulate .......................................................................................... .. 18 Figure 12: Mature and immature spores of Botryodiplodia sp. ...................................... .. 20 Figure 13: Petri-dish with Botryodiplodia sp. after seven days (left) and after four Weeks (right) ....................................................................................... .. 20 Figure 14: A. muricata fruit infected with diplodia rot................................................... .. 21 Figure 15: Phialides of Trichoderma sp.......................................................................... .. 22 Figure 16: Petri-dish with a six day old Trichoderma sp. Colony.................................. .. 22 Figure 17: Trichoderma harzianum parasitizes Pythium ultimum.................................. .. 22 Figure 18: Autoclave at ITI............................................................................................. .. 24 Figure 19: Laminar of flow at ITI................................................................................... .. 24 Figure 20: Incubator at ITI.............................................................................................. .. 25 Figure 21: Soil sampling in a rambutan plantation......................................................... .. 26 Figure 22: Seven days old plate from a soil experiment................................................. .. 27 Figure 23: Isolation of the pathogen on rambutan (five days old plate .......................... .. 28 Figure 24: Preparation of a Petri-dish for a bio-assay .................................................... .. 29 Figure 25: BC-agent with a good (right) and with a bad (leftight) effectiveness ........... .. 30 Figure 26: Experimental series of a bio-assay after two (left) and six (right) days........ .. 30 Figure 27: Humidity chamber of the rambutan cross-inoculation experiment ............... .. 31 Figure 28: Infestation key for the cross-inoculation experiment with sugar apple......... .. 31 Figure 29: Experimental series of a cross-inoculation on A. squamosa (day 2 to day 6).............................................................................................. .. 32 Figure 30: The twelve Trichoderma sp. found in the soil samples................................. .. 33 Figure 31: The four Botryodiplodia sp. isolates which were used for all Experiments................................................................................................... .. 33 Figure 32: Results of the cross-inoculation on rambutan ............................................... .. 34 Figure 33: Results of the cross-inoculation on Annona muricata................................... .. 35 Figure 34: Results of the cross-inoculation on Annona squamosa................................. .. 35 Figure 35: Organisation structure of the ITI................................................................... .. 41 Figure 36: List of the bio-control agents isolated ........................................................... .. 42 2
List of Tables Table 1: An Overview of the soil samples which were taken……………………………….. 26 Table 2: An overview of the isolated Trichoderma sp………………………………………. 33 Table 3: An overview of the isolated pathogens…………………………………………….. 33 Table 4: Results of the effectiveness of the isolated Trichoderma sp……………………….. 34 Table 5: Results of the sporulation experiment……………………………………………… 36 List of Acronyms BC-agent - Bio-control agent BPS - Berufspraktisches Projektsemester CGIAR - Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research CISIR - Ceylon Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research DOASL - Department of Agriculture, Sri Lanka GTZ - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit HIV - Human immunodeficiency virus ICUC - The International Centre for Underutilised Crops IPGRI - International Plant Genetic Resources Institute ITI - Industrial Technology Institute IWMI - International Water Management Institute PDA - Potato Dextrose Agar UK - United Kingdom 3
Page 1: Control of Post Harvest Disease (Bo
Page 6 and 7: 1 Summary Experiments were undertak
Page 8 and 9: 3 Sri Lanka The Democratic Socialis
Page 10 and 11: 3.2 Climate The climate of Sri Lank
Page 12 and 13: valuable consultations in industria
Page 14 and 15: Rambutan trees are either dioecious
Page 16 and 17: However, the most important genus i
Page 18 and 19: 6.2.1.2 Annona muricata Annona muri
Page 20 and 21: Figure 9: Annona squamosa Figure 10
Page 22 and 23: Characteristically for this fungus
Page 24 and 25: Figure 15: Phialides of Trichoderma
Page 26 and 27: autoclave is used for liquid steril
Page 28 and 29: Figure 21: Soil sampling in a rambu
Page 30 and 31: 9.1.4 Isolation of the pathogen Mat
Page 32 and 33: The effectivity of the BC-agent was
Page 34 and 35: Figure 29: Experimental series of a
Page 36 and 37: Two of the Trichoderma sp. with a h
Page 38 and 39: Results of the sporulation experime
Page 40 and 41: 12 References ALAM, M.S., BEGUM, M.
Page 42 and 43: ONG, P.K.C., ACREE, T.E. and LAVIN,
Page 44 and 45: Figure 36: List of bio-control agen
Page 46: Tmu III Galagedera • Mycelial gro

Botryodiplodia sp. - Crops for the Future

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