Botryodiplodia sp. - Crops for the Future

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Figure 29: Experimental series of a cross-inoculation on Annona squamosa (day 2 to day 6) 9.1.7 Sporulation experiment As mentioned in chapter 7 Botryodiplodia sp. under artificial conditions need a very long time to produce spores, which are crucial for the identification of the fungus. Therefore two different methods were tested which possibly affect the sporulation of Botryodiplodia sp. in consideration of its speed. The different Botryodiplodia sp. cultures were exposed to three different conditions. First all cultures were subcultured nine times and incubated for five days at 28 °C to obtain completely grown plates. Following the cultures were divided into three sets each with three plates. One set remained in the incubator, the second one was exposed to the daylight and the third one was exposed to daylight after a cold shock was admitted by storing the culture plates for seven days at 13 °C in a cold room. The experimental time was one month while the cultures were analysed regarding to spores twice a week. 9.2 Results Trichoderma sp. found in the soil samples: In total twelve Trichoderma sp. could be isolated from six sources, which were different concerning their morphology and their development (Figure 30). The exact differences between the several isolates are found in the Annexes. Table 2 gives an overview of the isolated Trichoderma sp. regarding their source and the time they need to full sporulation of the plate. 32
Table 2: An overview of the isolated Trichoderma sp. Code Source Fruit Full sporulation Tra I Urapola after 5 days Tra II Warakapola Rambutan after 5 days Tra III Warakapola after 5 days Tmu I Galagedera after 10 days Tmu II Galagedera after 6 days Annona Tmu III Galagedera after 6 days muricata Tmu IV Matale after 6 days Tmu V Wijayapura after 5 days Tsq I Matale after 6 days Tsq II Matale Annona after 5 days Tsq III Wijayapura squamosa after 5 days Tsq IV Medawachchiya after 6 days Figure 30: The twelve Trichoderma sp. Found in the soil samples Botryodiplodia sp. isolated from the fruits: Eight Botryodiplodia sp. could be isolated out of different fruits. Thereby three Botryodiplodia sp. were isolated from rambutan, three from Annona squamosa and one from Annona muricata fruits. Moreover one fungus was isolated out of a red skinned Annona squamosa. The fungi isolated out of the same fruits did not differ from each other. So it was assumed that it is the matter of the same species. Table 3 gives an overview of the isolated pathogens, in which only the four marked fungi (Figure 31) have been used for all the experiments. Table 3: An overview of the isolated pathogens Code Source Isolated from Bra I Market Bra II Warakapola (Plantation) rambutan Bra III Market Bmu I Market Annona muricata Bsq I Medawachchiya Bsq II Market Annona squamosa Bsq III Market Bsq IV Market Annona squamosa ´Red` Results of the bio-assays: Figure 31: The four Botryodiplodia sp. Isolates which were used for all experiments The bio-assay experiments have shown that three of the Trichoderma sp. isolates have a high, four a moderate and three a low activity against the pathogens, while three were observed as non effective (Table 4). 33
Page 1: Control of Post Harvest Disease (Bo
Page 4 and 5: List of Figures Figure 1: The Sri L
Page 6 and 7: 1 Summary Experiments were undertak
Page 8 and 9: 3 Sri Lanka The Democratic Socialis
Page 10 and 11: 3.2 Climate The climate of Sri Lank
Page 12 and 13: valuable consultations in industria
Page 14 and 15: Rambutan trees are either dioecious
Page 16 and 17: However, the most important genus i
Page 18 and 19: 6.2.1.2 Annona muricata Annona muri
Page 20 and 21: Figure 9: Annona squamosa Figure 10
Page 22 and 23: Characteristically for this fungus
Page 24 and 25: Figure 15: Phialides of Trichoderma
Page 26 and 27: autoclave is used for liquid steril
Page 28 and 29: Figure 21: Soil sampling in a rambu
Page 30 and 31: 9.1.4 Isolation of the pathogen Mat
Page 32 and 33: The effectivity of the BC-agent was
Page 36 and 37: Two of the Trichoderma sp. with a h
Page 38 and 39: Results of the sporulation experime
Page 40 and 41: 12 References ALAM, M.S., BEGUM, M.
Page 42 and 43: ONG, P.K.C., ACREE, T.E. and LAVIN,
Page 44 and 45: Figure 36: List of bio-control agen
Page 46: Tmu III Galagedera • Mycelial gro

Botryodiplodia sp. - Crops for the Future

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