YEARBOOK 2009 / I - AIPPI

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001-010_Intro-book1.indd 10 28/01/2011 12:19:20
Working Guidelines by Jochen E. BüHLING, Reporter General Dariusz SZLEPER and Thierry CALAME, Deputy Reporters General Nicolai LINDGREEN, Nicola DAGG and Shoichi OKUYAMA Assistants to the Reporter General Question Q194 The Impact of Co-ownership of Intellectual Property Rights on their Exploitation Introduction During the ExCo 2007 in Singapore, the question Q194: “The impact of co-ownership of intellectual property rights on their exploitation” gave place to the adoption of the resolution which treated several issues discussed in the working guidelines and in national group reports in relation to this question. And some harmonised positions have been achieved on the issues like: – the freedom to organise the co-ownership of intellectual property rights, – the role of the legal rules applicable to co-ownership, – the regulations of the right to exploit the co-owned IP rights by the co-owners – and the right to start a legal action to enforce those rights. The resolution also gave the recommendations in relation to the renewal or maintaining of coowned IP rights. However, several other questions which were also discussed in the initial working guidelines, as well as in the group reports, seemed to be too complicated to achieve a consensus within the <strong>AIPPI</strong>. And therefore, the Working Committee proposed to the ExCo to continue the study on other aspects of the co-ownership of IP rights. The objective of the present working guidelines is to, without necessary repeating the issues which were already resolved in the group reports answering the previous first working guidelines of November 2006, open the discussion on the questions which were not initially tackled or which were not discussed in the previous working guidelines or the Groups reports in sufficient detail. As usual, the present working guidelines are divided into two parts: – the first one is intended to present the scope of the current rules in various countries, – and the second contains the questions related to the eventual future harmonisation. Discussion and Questions I) Analysis of the current substantive law 1) The regulation of co-ownership may depend on the origin of co-ownership. It may be considered that, in case the object of an intellectual right (esthetical, technical or commercial) is jointly created by two or more persons, the rules applicable to such a situation may be different from those applicable in the situation when the co-ownership results from 11 011-013_WG_Q194_BA_EN.indd 11 28/01/2011 12:20:12
Page 1 and 2: ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE POUR LA
Page 3 and 4: MEETING OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
Page 5 and 6: I. THE QUESTIONS ON THE AGENDA LES
Page 7 and 8: The Questions on the Agenda On the
Page 9: I. QUESTION Q194 The Impact of Co-o
Page 13 and 14: In fact, the discussion showed that
Page 15 and 16: Il peut être considéré que, dans
Page 17 and 18: II) Proposition pour une future har
Page 19 and 20: Diskussion und Fragen I) Analyse de
Page 21 and 22: 6) Die Gruppen sind gebeten, noch e
Page 23 and 24: Therefore, the groups are invited t
Page 25 and 26: Résumé En Argentine, il existe de
Page 27 and 28: According to Article 825 of the Gen
Page 29 and 30: 3) In case of doubt the right to al
Page 31 and 32: Belgium Belgique Belgien Report Q19
Page 33 and 34: Il faut cependant souligner la rés
Page 35 and 36: . Droit des marques La CBPI ne cont
Page 37 and 38: c. Droit des dessins et modèles Un
Page 39 and 40: 5) Droit de la concurrence - risque
Page 41 and 42: Le Règlement Rome I prévoit princ
Page 43 and 44: 6. Law applicable to co-ownership o
Page 45 and 46: Brazil Brésil Brasilien Report Q19
Page 47 and 48: encompass the establishment, or the
Page 49 and 50: 6) The groups are invited to invest
Page 51 and 52: Canada Canada Kanada Report Q194 in
Page 53 and 54: 4) Is It Possible to Transfer or As
Page 55 and 56: Summary Canadian law on the rights
Page 57 and 58: Therefore, the groups are invited t
Page 59 and 60: 3) All co-owners by themselves shou
Page 61 and 62:
if the right to exploit the patent
Page 63 and 64:
The Czech Group is of the opinion t
Page 65 and 66:
may continue such exploitation. The
Page 67 and 68:
The groups are therefore invited to
Page 69 and 70:
Miteigentum betreffen, die inter pa
Page 71 and 72:
(2) With reference to Intellectual
Page 73 and 74:
Egypt Egypte Ägypten Report Q194 i
Page 75 and 76:
The co-owned IP Rights may give the
Page 77 and 78:
Estonia Estonie Estland Report Q194
Page 79 and 80:
Co-ownership of trademarks, patents
Page 81 and 82:
Finland Finlande Finnland Report Q1
Page 83 and 84:
or his or her share of it, permissi
Page 85 and 86:
pursuant to section (i) or (ii) abo
Page 87 and 88:
France France Frankreich Report Q19
Page 89 and 90:
1.2 “Successor” co-owners IP ri
Page 91 and 92:
Regarding “technical” creations
Page 93 and 94:
In particular, one could imagine th
Page 95 and 96:
The European Commission analysed th
Page 97 and 98:
Because the Competition Council (Co
Page 99 and 100:
Also, in the hypothesis where the c
Page 101 and 102:
This question is strictly bound to
Page 103 and 104:
(ii) In presence of a contract A ne
Page 105 and 106:
2 On the subcontracting The co-owne
Page 107 and 108:
13 Determination of the applicable
Page 109 and 110:
7 Autres problèmes 7.1 Quel est le
Page 111 and 112:
14 Andere Probleme 14.1 Was ist das
Page 113 and 114:
The rules of inheritance law, which
Page 115 and 116:
discussed whether such a right, der
Page 117 and 118:
5) The exercise of an IP right co-o
Page 119 and 120:
In absence of explicit provisions r
Page 121 and 122:
It seems problematic, however, whet
Page 123 and 124:
The situation that a party which su
Page 125 and 126:
Germany Allemagne Deutschland Repor
Page 127 and 128:
Wenn es dort in Ziffer 4a) heißt,
Page 129 and 130:
Insgesamt erscheint uns hier der Ke
Page 131 and 132:
Zusammenfassend kann daher zu dem K
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Gesamthandgemeinschaft das Statut d
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der Schutzrechts¬verletzung handel
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allerdings keine vergleichbare Rege
Page 139 and 140:
Résumé Les parts de copropriété
Page 141 and 142:
The effect is that any dealing is s
Page 143 and 144:
Hungary Hongrie Ungarn Report Q194
Page 145 and 146:
een obtained if the Working Committ
Page 147 and 148:
If this is the case, what in the op
Page 149 and 150:
Indonesia Indonésie Indonesien Rep
Page 151 and 152:
No differentiation was also made on
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Israel Israël Israel Report Q194 i
Page 157 and 158:
In light of the above, the question
Page 159 and 160:
The Restrictive Trade Practices Law
Page 161 and 162:
4) Copyright, Patents and Trademark
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
assignment, whether in whole or in
Page 169 and 170:
Malaysia Malaisie Malaysia Report Q
Page 171 and 172:
Co-ownership and Exploitation of In
Page 173 and 174:
Mexico Mexique Mexiko Report Q194 i
Page 175 and 176:
Mexican legislation establishes dif
Page 177 and 178:
Résumé La copropriété des droit
Page 179 and 180:
2) No common position could be achi
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As explained above, a share in a co
Page 183 and 184:
3. Thirdly, the question arises whi
Page 185 and 186:
New Zealand Nouvelle-Zélande Neuse
Page 187 and 188:
elation to the patent, including th
Page 189 and 190:
Summary Copyright Copyright has two
Page 191 and 192:
This question, particularly importa
Page 193 and 194:
6) The groups are invited to invest
Page 195 and 196:
Cependent la loi norvégienne refl
Page 197 and 198:
2) A large debate, during the Singa
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Paraguay Paraguay Paraguay Report Q
Page 203 and 204:
The co-owned IP Rights may give the
Page 205 and 206:
2) A large debate, during the Singa
Page 207 and 208:
Our legislation clearly establishes
Page 209 and 210:
joint favor or by reason of the ass
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owned IP right, although said law p
Page 213 and 214:
Portugal Portugal Portuga Report Q1
Page 215 and 216:
As for author’s rights, the licen
Page 217 and 218:
As regards Council Regulation ROME
Page 219 and 220:
More specifically, the groups were
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II) Proposal for the future harmoni
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Therefore, the groups are invited t
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And more specifically the Groups ar
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En vertu de l’art. 5 (3) de la Lo
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of subcontracting when a co-owner o
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II) Proposal for the future harmoni
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3) This question relates to the pos
Page 235 and 236:
Spain Espagne Spanien Report Q194 i
Page 237 and 238:
Therefore, in order to improve the
Page 239 and 240:
The Groups of the EU Countries are
Page 241 and 242:
Résumé La réglementation de la c
Page 243 and 244:
Sweden Suède Schweden Report Q194
Page 245 and 246:
Therefore, in order to improve the
Page 247 and 248:
co-owners, the co-owners are free t
Page 249 and 250:
The Swedish Group believes that har
Page 251 and 252:
Switzerland Suisse Schweiz Report Q
Page 253 and 254:
Page 255 and 256:
The relationship between the origin
Page 257 and 258:
Résumé Pour ce qui est du droit s
Page 259 and 260:
Thailand Thaïlande Thailand Report
Page 261 and 262:
For the conditions of granting a li
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7) Finally, the groups are also inv
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Ownership in common is a type of ow
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his heirs. Hence, the right to expl
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shall announce by an application to
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commune où chaque propriétaire a
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accordance with his testimonial wis
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3) The working guidelines establish
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this approach. The R&DE exempting f
Page 279 and 280:
In the absence of party choice, Art
Page 281 and 282:
Le groupe supporte les changements
Page 283 and 284:
In addition to the above, in situat
Page 285 and 286:
Examples of specific rights that ar
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C. Copyrights Rights are freely tra
Page 289 and 290:
And more specifically the Groups ar
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Summary Patents: Under United State
Page 293 and 294:
Summary Report Question Q194 The im
Page 295 and 296:
- It should also be noted that in t
Page 297 and 298:
Thus, it appears that on this issue
Page 299 and 300:
7. It is also important to note tha
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Dans ce contexte, il faut égalemen
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intellectuelle et, plus particuliè
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La position la plus forte à ce suj
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Et la Commission pourrait proposer
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Auf diese Weise ist jeder, der eine
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In diesem Zusammenhang entstand ein
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Dies ist in Frankreich, Ungarn, Mex
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8. Schließlich ist anzumerken, das
Page 317 and 318:
2) The Singapore resolution held th
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Résolution Question Q194BA L’inf
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a) le copropriétaire dirige et sup
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In Anbetracht der Tatsache, dass: 1
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Im Hinblick auf die Bedeutung und K
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I. QUESTION Q209 Selection Inventio
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Working Guidelines by Jochen E. Bü
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associated with the inventive level
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5) Infringement If a certain advant
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Orientations de travail De Jochen E
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11) En ce qui concerne les brevets
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4) la portée d’une revendication
Page 341 and 342:
Arbeitsrichtlinien* von Jochen E. B
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Nicht-Offensichtlichkeit oder Erfin
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können sie nach der ursprüngliche
Page 347 and 348:
Argentina Argentine Argentinien Rep
Page 349 and 350:
3) the time frame within which suff
Page 351 and 352:
Knowledge of the advantageous prope
Page 353 and 354:
Australia Australie Australien Repo
Page 355 and 356:
(a) Optical fibre cable This decisi
Page 357 and 358:
The question of ‘selection’ ari
Page 359 and 360:
In the case of a selection patent,
Page 361 and 362:
For the reasons outlined above, mer
Page 363 and 364:
i.e. would the analysis be differen
Page 365 and 366:
Austria Autriche Österreich Report
Page 367 and 368:
in (partial) nullity of the patent
Page 369 and 370:
The necessity for a selection inven
Page 371 and 372:
limited product claim in the form o
Page 373 and 374:
1) the threshold for sufficiency; T
Page 375 and 376:
circumstances there could be indire
Page 377 and 378:
Harmonisation 12) Groups are asked
Page 379 and 380:
2) Novelty Groups are asked to disc
Page 381 and 382:
With Reference to the Examples 7) N
Page 383 and 384:
Since BR IP Law 9279/96 is silent c
Page 385 and 386:
Also, the Manual of Patent Office P
Page 387 and 388:
Based on the decision of the Suprem
Page 389 and 390:
e able to obtain protection for the
Page 391 and 392:
[70] Another important factor may a
Page 393 and 394:
Chile Chili Chile Report Q209 in th
Page 395 and 396:
have previously an equivalent solut
Page 397 and 398:
grant of selection patents and the
Page 399 and 400:
The selection inventions may be sor
Page 401 and 402:
(2) Where the numerical values or n
Page 403 and 404:
The following are examples of the c
Page 405 and 406:
Therefore, a certain advantage or s
Page 407 and 408:
out the technical solution of the i
Page 409 and 410:
Czech Republic République Tchèque
Page 411 and 412:
possible compounds (very few of whi
Page 413 and 414:
Zusammenfassung Die tschechische La
Page 415 and 416:
the teaching of a prior art documen
Page 417 and 418:
please see above under sub-question
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11) Policy Groups are asked to cons
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Ecuador Equateur Ecuador Report Q20
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Also, with respect to item 4) above
Page 425 and 426:
grant of selection patents and the
Page 427 and 428:
4) Sufficiency and/or written descr
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illustrative material will be used
Page 431 and 432:
Finland Finlande Finnland Report Q2
Page 433 and 434:
With respect to item 1), please dis
Page 435 and 436:
Page 437 and 438:
France France Frankreich Question Q
Page 439 and 440:
Des proportions sont privées de no
Page 441 and 442:
L’activité inventive peut aussi
Page 443 and 444:
Selon l’appréciation de la nouve
Page 445 and 446:
14) Groups are asked to outline any
Page 447 and 448:
Germany Allemagne Deutschland Repor
Page 449 and 450:
3) Inventive step or non-obviousnes
Page 451 and 452:
There are no specific requirements
Page 453 and 454:
Sufficiency of disclosure within th
Page 455 and 456:
Résumé La loi allemande ne conna
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Nach unserem Verständnis der aktue
Page 459 and 460:
4) Anforderungen an vollständige O
Page 461 and 462:
7) Neuheit Würde in Beispiel 1 im
Page 463 and 464:
Nach deutscher Rechtslage liegt bei
Page 465 and 466:
Hungary Hongrie Ungarn Report Q209
Page 467 and 468:
1) the threshold for sufficiency Al
Page 469 and 470:
property), or should any patent pro
Page 471 and 472:
Indonesia Indonésie Indonesien Rep
Page 473 and 474:
scope of invention as originally fi
Page 475 and 476:
In the analysis, does it matter how
Page 477 and 478:
Italy Italie Italien Report Q209 in
Page 479 and 480:
Page 481 and 482:
irrelevant in an age of combinatori
Page 483 and 484:
alternative or combination (herein
Page 485 and 486:
would it be necessary to recite suc
Page 487 and 488:
Even if a competitor has manufactur
Page 489 and 490:
Mexico Mexique Mexiko Report Q209 i
Page 491 and 492:
3) the time frame within which suff
Page 493 and 494:
Netherlands Pays-Bas Niederlande Re
Page 495 and 496:
Page 497 and 498:
a species with e.g. a surprisingly
Page 499 and 500:
Page 501 and 502:
in the mechanical and electrical fi
Page 503 and 504:
Page 505 and 506:
untested in New Zealand. In that an
Page 507 and 508:
Page 509 and 510:
Norway acceded to the EPC effective
Page 511 and 512:
8) Inventive step or non-obviousnes
Page 513 and 514:
Zusammenfassung Es gibt im norwegis
Page 515 and 516:
in case of a broad range (temperatu
Page 517 and 518:
7) Novelty In example 1 would the p
Page 519 and 520:
• The selection consists of a ran
Page 521 and 522:
Paraguay Paraguay Paraguay Report Q
Page 523 and 524:
7) Novelty In example 1 would the p
Page 525 and 526:
Peru Pérou Peru Report Q209 in the
Page 527 and 528:
6) Is there any special rule to exa
Page 529 and 530:
Page 531 and 532:
No, possibilities (i), (ii) and (ii
Page 533 and 534:
In general, other improvements are
Page 535 and 536:
10) Infringement By reference to ex
Page 537 and 538:
Republic of Korea République du Co
Page 539 and 540:
If a selection invention is claimed
Page 541 and 542:
other hand, such technical developm
Page 543 and 544:
The claimed invention is new, if it
Page 545 and 546:
Page 547 and 548:
Page 549 and 550:
Résumé En Roumanie sont reconnues
Page 551 and 552:
Russia Russie Russland Report Q209
Page 553 and 554:
Pursuant to the existing practice i
Page 555 and 556:
10) Infringement By reference to ex
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Page 559 and 560:
if experimental data is to form par
Page 561 and 562:
As selection inventions are not tre
Page 563 and 564:
13) Groups are also asked to recomm
Page 565 and 566:
Page 567 and 568:
advantageous. All that is required
Page 569 and 570:
In all likelihood, only the third i
Page 571 and 572:
the same advantage with an unpredic
Page 573 and 574:
or offering it for use when the thi
Page 575 and 576:
art? Inventive step is only possibl
Page 577 and 578:
14) Groups are asked to outline any
Page 579 and 580:
Sweden Suède Schweden Report Q209
Page 581 and 582:
Prerequisite: In order for such lat
Page 583 and 584:
“selection inventions”. The gen
Page 585 and 586:
irrelevant. However it may be an ar
Page 587 and 588:
Switzerland Suisse Schweiz Report Q
Page 589 and 590:
Page 591 and 592:
state of the art. Furthermore heavy
Page 593 and 594:
invention. However, such limiting v
Page 595 and 596:
La condition de suffisance d’expo
Page 597 and 598:
Turkey Turquie Türkei Report Q209
Page 599 and 600:
even an implicit referral to said a
Page 601 and 602:
ewarded for his efforts and obtain
Page 603 and 604:
United Kingdom Royaume-Uni Vereinig
Page 605 and 606:
Page 607 and 608:
1) the threshold for sufficiency; 2
Page 609 and 610:
6) Policy Groups are asked to give
Page 611 and 612:
As explained in response to questio
Page 613 and 614:
There is no disclosure of whether o
Page 615 and 616:
numerous) so long as their formulae
Page 617 and 618:
that the lower court “conclude[d]
Page 619 and 620:
On the other hand, if the genus cla
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and if the species compound is clai
Page 623 and 624:
the claimed invention in the absenc
Page 625 and 626:
willful infringement, a patentee mu
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disclosed in the prior art would no
Page 629 and 630:
a selection invention in a “predi
Page 631 and 632:
The individual Group reports largel
Page 633 and 634:
Inventive step or non-obviousness T
Page 635 and 636:
Infringement The Groups were asked
Page 637 and 638:
• On novelty, should there be spe
Page 639 and 640:
Les rapports nationaux ont, de mani
Page 641 and 642:
Comme précédemment indiqué, dans
Page 643 and 644:
Singapour, en Nouvelle Zélande en
Page 645 and 646:
Certains groupes sont d’avis que
Page 647 and 648:
Zusammenfassender Bericht Frage Q20
Page 649 and 650:
Hinsichtlich der technischen Anwend
Page 651 and 652:
in Japan, Korea, auf den Philippine
Page 653 and 654:
und zum anderen wo die Ansprüche d
Page 655 and 656:
• Ist es, angesichts des Erforder
Page 657 and 658:
Resolves that: 1) It should be poss
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Adopte la résolution suivante: 1)
Page 661 and 662:
Verabschiedet die folgende Entschli
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Table of contents Meeting of the Ex
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III. Q209: Selection Inventions - t
Page 667 and 668:
Table des matières Réunion du Com
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III. Q209: Les Inventions de sélec
Page 671 and 672:
Inhaltsverzeichnis Zusammenkunft de
Page 673 and 674:
III. Q209: Auswahlerfindungen - das
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