CMDITR Review of Undergraduate Research - Pluto - University of ...

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Chromophore Alignment in Spherulites Matthew Nichols, Olympic College Bart Kahr Kahr Lab, Dept. of Chemistry, University of Washington Introduction Non-centrosymmetric chromophore alignment in polymers by electric poling is a major theme of the University of Washington Science and Technology Center. Aligning chromophores at high doping levels has been a challenge because of dipole coupling. Evidence from our laboratories indicates that a strong electric field can align chromophores, though many of the molecules may break down electrochemically. Therefore, it would be valuable to align chromophores without poling, thus avoiding the aforementioned decomposition. Orienting chromophores with single crystals is a process that relies on the selfassembly that is crystal growth. D- Sorbitol forms spherulites, optically homogenous, radial, polycrystalline aggregates, on cooling from a melt. When dyes are included in the melt they are invariably oriented as the spherulites grow through them. Unfortunately, when dyeing single crystals from solution the chromophore loading density is in general
Results Linear Dichroism Metripol can tell us the orientation of the direction which is the most strongly absorbing in a birefringent medium. This correlates with the average orientation of the transition dipole moment, because for maximum absorption to occur the dipole and the electrical field component of the light must by oriented in the same direction. Unfortunately, it cannot tell us the exact orientation of the dipole moment. Further studies using solid-state visible absorbance microscopy to measure dichroic ratios will answer that question. The orientation of the strongest absorbing direction for 15 chromophores is suggesting that within a triphenyl system at least, there is a connection between the substitution on amino groups or the lack there of. One explanation may be the ability of lone pair electrons on the free amino groups are able to interact via intermolecular bonding with the substrate. Three examples are listed: 2a showing substituted amino groups, 2b showing hydroxyl groups with nonhindered lone pairs, and 2c showing on free amino groups. As indicated on Table 1, Rosolic Red and Pararosaniline, both with readily accessible lone pairs, are oriented orthogonal to Crystal violet. MGO CV Figure 1a. Figure 1b. Figure 2a. Crystal Violet Table 1. Linear Dichroism -- Orientation of strongest absorbing vibration direction DYE crystal Violet xylene cyanole FF brilliant green ethyl violet malachite green congo red napthochrome green 1,3,5 rosolic red rhodamine 110 rhodamine B safranine patent blue auramine O pararosaniline GREEN YELLOW RED ↕ ↔ ↔ ↕ ↔ ↔ ↕ ↔ ↔ ↕ ↔ ↔ ↕ ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔ Figure 2b. Rosolic Acid Figure 2c. Pararosaniline Base CMDITR Review of Undergraduate Research Vol. 1 No. 1 Summer 2004 47
Page 1 and 2: CMDITR Review of Undergraduate Rese
Page 3 and 4: Welcome to the premier issue of the
Page 5 and 6: Extended Abstracts Table of Content
Page 7 and 8: wt % THV 220A). The glass tube was
Page 9 and 10: Fiber cladding preparation In order
Page 11 and 12: Acknowledgements Brian Ratliff, Gra
Page 13 and 14: Figure 2. Synthesis of the dendrime
Page 15 and 16: Toward the Synthesis of a Magnetic
Page 17 and 18: Results and Discussion Synthesis of
Page 19 and 20: years, (13) decomposes into a yello
Page 21 and 22: References 1. (a) MacDiarmid, A.G.
Page 23 and 24: suggests that any effects of these
Page 25 and 26: Electrospinning of Piezoelectric Ma
Page 27 and 28: varies and is close to the critical
Page 29 and 30: Synthesis of Azaindoly-phenanthroli
Page 31 and 32: Experimental Physical Measurements.
Page 33 and 34: [60] fullerene enable close packing
Page 35 and 36: Crystallization. We attempted to cr
Page 37 and 38: number of solvents including aceton
Page 39 and 40: References 1. Dalton, L.R. 2003. No
Page 41 and 42: though the beads were moving becaus
Page 43 and 44: Feasibility of Hydroxy-Chalcone Lin
Page 45: absorbance is proportional to conce
Page 49 and 50: Pararosaniline Xylene Cyanole FF Cr
Page 51 and 52: the source of the light emitted by
Page 53 and 54: Figure 6. UV and PL spectra of the
Page 55 and 56: Method The hybrid chromophore will
Page 57 and 58: Results The ligand was synthesized
Page 59 and 60: Following the cooling down, the pro
Page 61 and 62: Two-Photon Induced Free Radical Pol
Page 63: Future Work When the results of the

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