SQL Injection Attacks and Defense - 2009

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Chapter 4 Exploiting SQL Injection Solutions in this chapter: ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ Understanding Common Exploit Techniques Identifying the Database Extracting Data through UNION Statements Using Conditional Statements Enumerating the Database Schema Escalating Privileges Stealing the Password Hashes Out-of-Band Communication Automating SQL Injection Exploitation ˛ Summary ˛ Solutions Fast Track ˛ Frequently Asked Questions 137
138 Chapter 4 • Exploiting SQL Injection Introduction Once you have found and confirmed that you have an SQL injection point, what do you do with it? You may know you can interact with the database, but you don’t know what the back-end database is, or anything about the query you are injecting into, or the table(s) it is accessing. Again, using inference techniques and the useful error the application gives you, you can determine all of this, and more. In this chapter, we will discuss how deep the rabbit hole goes (you did take the red pill, didn’t you?). We’ll explore a number of the building blocks you’ll need for later chapters, as well as exploit techniques for reading or returning data to the browser, for enumerating the database schema from the database, and for returning information out of band (i.e., not through the browser). Some of the attacks will be targeted to extract the data that the remote database stores and others will be focused on the database management system (DBMS) itself, such as trying to steal the database users’ password hashes. Because some of these attacks need administrative privileges to be carried out successfully, and because the queries that many Web applications run are performed with the privileges of a normal user, we will also illustrate some strategies for obtaining administrative privileges. And finally, so that you don’t have to do it all manually, we’ll also look at techniques and tools (many written by the authors of this book) for automating a lot of these steps for efficiency. Tools & Traps... The Big Danger: Modifying Live Data Although the examples in the following sections will deal primarily with injections into SELECT statements, never forget that your vulnerable parameter could be used in far more dangerous queries that use commands such as INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE instead. Although a SELECT command only retrieves data from the database and strictly follows a “look but don’t touch” approach, other commands can (and will) change the actual data in the database that you are testing, which might cause major problems in the case of a live application. As a general approach, when performing an SQL injection attack on an application where more than one parameter is vulnerable, always try to give priority to parameters that are used in queries that do not modify any data. This will allow you to operate far more effectively, freely using your favorite techniques without the risk of tainting the data or even disrupting application functionality. Continued
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Justin Clarke Lead Author and Techn
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Lead Author and Technical Editor Ju
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exploiting, and correcting software
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Dafydd Stuttard is the author of th
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Contents Chapter 1 What Is SQL Inje
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Contents xi LAPSE. ................
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Contents xiii Generic MySQL Binary
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Contents xv Chapter 8 Code-Level De
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Contents xvii Increase the Verbosit
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Contents xix Ingres Cheat Sheet....
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Chapter 1 What Is SQL Injection? So
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What Is SQL Injection? • Chapter
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execute the query against the datab
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Incorrectly Handled Query Assembly
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} } reader = cmd.ExecuteReader(); r
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Chapter 2 Testing for SQL Injection
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Testing for SQL Injection • Chapt
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SELECT * FROM products WHERE idprod
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Figure 2.15 Exploitation Terminatin
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Time Delays Testing for SQL Injecti
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Page 108 and 109: Testing for SQL Injection • Chapt
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Page 116 and 117: Chapter 3 Reviewing Code for SQL In
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Page 138 and 139: Reviewing PL/SQL and T-SQL Code Rev
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[+] Bruteforcing the sa password. T
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Exploiting SQL Injection • Chapte
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select user_name,web_password_raw f
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HTTP/DNS Exploiting SQL Injection
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Summary Exploiting SQL Injection
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Escalating Privileges Exploiting SQ
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Chapter 5 Blind SQL Injection Explo
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Blind SQL Injection Exploitation
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Common Blind SQL Injection Scenario
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1. Is the byte greater than 127? No
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Using Time-Based Techniques Blind S
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SELECT * FROM unknowntable UNION SE
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Figure 5.13 Extracting Database Log
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Summary Blind SQL Injection Exploit
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Chapter 6 Exploiting the Operating
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Exploiting the Operating System •
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[operating systems] multi(0)disk(0)
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Figure 6.13 Enabling CLR Integratio
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Oracle Exploiting the Operating Sys
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) c / ) ) ), bfilename('GETPWDIR',
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As expected, this creates sp.txt fi
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2 443 [+] Calling msfpayload3 to c
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DBMS_ADVISOR is probably the shorte
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EXECUTE IMMEDIATE q'!drop directory
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Microsoft SQL Server Exploiting the
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Figure 6.22 Creating an UNSAFE Bina
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Executing Operating System Commands
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Endnotes Exploiting the Operating S
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Chapter 7 Advanced Topics Solutions
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Using Case Variation Advanced Topic
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4. The application URL decodes the
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Advanced Topics • Chapter 7 323 D
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Advanced Topics • Chapter 7 325 I
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Advanced Topics • Chapter 7 329 N
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Advanced Topics • Chapter 7 331 m
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Advanced Topics • Chapter 7 333 1
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Using Hybrid Attacks Advanced Topic
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Exploiting Authenticated Vulnerabil
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Advanced Topics • Chapter 7 339
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Chapter 8 Code-Level Defenses Solut
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Code-Level Defenses • Chapter 8 3
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END; Execute immediate 'SELECT coun
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Validating Input in Java Code-Level
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UTL_SMTP.HELO(v_connection,'mailhos
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Summary Code-Level Defenses • Cha
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Chapter 9 Platform-Level Defenses S
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Platform-Level Defenses • Chapter
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Figure 9.3 Whitelist Rule to Patch
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Application Filters Platform-Level
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Use Strong Cryptography to Protect
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Additional Deployment Consideration
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Chapter 10 References Solutions in
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References • Chapter 10 417 For t
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References • Chapter 10 419 It is
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GROUP BY Statement References • C
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References • Chapter 10 423 you a
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References • Chapter 10 425 Table
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Blind SQL Injection Functions: Micr
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References • Chapter 10 429 the S
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Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Hashes Re
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References • Chapter 10 435 If MA
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TYPE oracle_loader DEFAULT DIRECTOR
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References • Chapter 10 441 When
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Table 10.20 Continued. Troubleshoot
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Enumerating Database Configuration
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Local File Access References • Ch
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References • Chapter 10 451 Infor
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■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ Referen
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Troubleshooting SQL Injection Attac
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A abstract syntax tree (AST), 125 a
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Index 461 confirming and terminatin
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Index 463 errors application error,
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Index 465 intercepting filters appl
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Index 467 APEX, 196-197 Oracle inte
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Index 469 mysql_query( ) function,
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Index 471 blind SQL injection funct
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Index 473 transformation functions,
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SQL Injection Attacks and Defense - 2009

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