SQL Injection Attacks and Defense - 2009

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Executing Operating System Commands Exploiting the Operating System • Chapter 6 313 ˛˛ In MySQL, although you can execute operating system commands through SQL by creating a user-defined function (UDF), I am unaware of any method to accomplish this currently via SQL injection. ˛˛ In Microsoft SQL Server, you can execute commands via stored procedures such as xp_cmdshell, via OLE Automation, or through the new CLR integration features. ˛˛ In Oracle, you can execute commands through EXTPROC, Java, DBMS_SCHEDULER, or PL/SQL functionality. Consolidating Access ˛˛ You can use database rootkits to ensure repeat access to compromised servers. ˛˛ Database Rootkits can vary in complexity, from adding functionality to the database server to simply adding users to the system who do not show up with regular detection.
314 Chapter 6 • Exploiting the Operating System Frequently Asked Questions Q: Are all database back ends equal when it comes to SQL injection attacks? A: Although conventional wisdom has always held that attacks are equally lethal across the different RDBMSs, I feel that the ability to run chained or stacked queries (as supported by SQL Server) makes injection attacks against Microsoft SQL Server a much easier target for potential attackers. Q: Are special permissions needed for reading and writing files to the host operating system or can this be done by anyone? A: This generally varies from system to system, but it is safe to assume that some sort of elevated credentials are generally required. Q: So, why would I care whether I can read or write files? A: Attackers have shown outstanding creativity over the years in translating the ability to read or write files on a compromised host to a full host compromise. The ability to read arbitrary files from the file system of a distant database server often provides a goldmine of stored connection strings that allow an attacker to aim at other hosts deeper in the company’s network. Q: Wouldn’t securing the database configuration solve these problems? A: Hardening the database configuration goes a long way toward preventing such attacks. In theory, all SQL injection attacks can be prevented with tight configuration and wellwritten code. In practice, however, this is far easier said than done. Security is a difficult game because it pits human against human, and some humans choose to spend huge amounts of time figuring ways around secure configurations.
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Justin Clarke Lead Author and Techn
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Lead Author and Technical Editor Ju
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exploiting, and correcting software
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Dafydd Stuttard is the author of th
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Contents Chapter 1 What Is SQL Inje
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Contents xi LAPSE. ................
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Contents xiii Generic MySQL Binary
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Contents xv Chapter 8 Code-Level De
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Contents xvii Increase the Verbosit
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Contents xix Ingres Cheat Sheet....
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Chapter 1 What Is SQL Injection? So
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What Is SQL Injection? • Chapter
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execute the query against the datab
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Incorrectly Handled Query Assembly
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} } reader = cmd.ExecuteReader(); r
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Chapter 2 Testing for SQL Injection
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Testing for SQL Injection • Chapt
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SELECT * FROM products WHERE idprod
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Figure 2.15 Exploitation Terminatin
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Time Delays Testing for SQL Injecti
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Summary Testing for SQL Injection
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Chapter 3 Reviewing Code for SQL In
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Reviewing Code for SQL Injection
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mssql_bind() − adds a parameter t
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OdbcCommand() − used to construct
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Reviewing PL/SQL and T-SQL Code Rev
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■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ URL: ht
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■■ ■■ Platform: Windows Pri
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Summary Reviewing Code for SQL Inje
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Frequently Asked Questions Reviewin
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Chapter 4 Exploiting SQL Injection
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Exploiting SQL Injection • Chapte
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Approach 3: Content-based Exploitin
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Error Messages in Oracle Exploiting
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MySQL Exploiting SQL Injection •
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Such a query will return output sim
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SELECT name,spare4 FROM sys.user$ w
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[+] Bruteforcing the sa password. T
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select user_name,web_password_raw f
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HTTP/DNS Exploiting SQL Injection
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Summary Exploiting SQL Injection
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Escalating Privileges Exploiting SQ
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Chapter 5 Blind SQL Injection Explo
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Blind SQL Injection Exploitation
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Common Blind SQL Injection Scenario
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1. Is the byte greater than 127? No
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Using Time-Based Techniques Blind S
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SELECT * FROM unknowntable UNION SE
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Page 284 and 285: Figure 5.13 Extracting Database Log
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Code-Level Defenses • Chapter 8 3
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UTL_SMTP.HELO(v_connection,'mailhos
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Summary Code-Level Defenses • Cha
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Chapter 9 Platform-Level Defenses S
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Platform-Level Defenses • Chapter
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Figure 9.3 Whitelist Rule to Patch
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Application Filters Platform-Level
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Use Strong Cryptography to Protect
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Additional Deployment Consideration
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Chapter 10 References Solutions in
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References • Chapter 10 417 For t
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References • Chapter 10 419 It is
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GROUP BY Statement References • C
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References • Chapter 10 423 you a
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References • Chapter 10 425 Table
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Blind SQL Injection Functions: Micr
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References • Chapter 10 429 the S
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Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Hashes Re
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References • Chapter 10 435 If MA
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TYPE oracle_loader DEFAULT DIRECTOR
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References • Chapter 10 441 When
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Table 10.20 Continued. Troubleshoot
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Enumerating Database Configuration
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Local File Access References • Ch
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References • Chapter 10 451 Infor
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Troubleshooting SQL Injection Attac
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A abstract syntax tree (AST), 125 a
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Index 461 confirming and terminatin
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Index 463 errors application error,
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Index 465 intercepting filters appl
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Index 467 APEX, 196-197 Oracle inte
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Index 469 mysql_query( ) function,
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Index 471 blind SQL injection funct
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Index 473 transformation functions,
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SQL Injection Attacks and Defense - 2009

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