SQL Injection Attacks and Defense - 2009

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Platform-Level Defenses • Chapter 9 407 discovery, but it can be effective against automated scanning programs (such as vulnerability scanners or even SQL injection worms). Use Wildcard SSL Certificates Another way to discover valid host names is to extract them from Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) certificates. One way to prevent this is the use of Wildcard SSL certificates. These certificates allow you to secure multiple subdomains on one server using the ∗.domain.com pattern. These are more expensive than standard SSL certificates, but only a couple hundred dollars more. You can find more information about Wildcard certificates and how they differ from standard SSL certificates at http://help.godaddy.com/topic/234/article/857. Limit Discovery via Search Engine Hacking Search engines are another tool that attackers use to find SQL injection vulnerabilities in your Web site. There is a lot of publicly available information on the Internet, and even books are dedicated to the art of search engine hacking. The bottom line is that if you are tasked with defending a public-facing Web application, you must consider search engines as another way for attackers or malicious automated programs to discover your site. Most of the major search engines (Google, Yahoo!, MSN, etc.) provide steps and online tools for removing your Web site content from their indexes and caches. One technique that is common across all the major search engines is the use of a robots.txt file in the root directory of your Web site, which is supposed to prevent crawlers from indexing the site. Figure 9.11 shows an example robots.txt configuration, which prevents all robots from crawling all pages on the Web site. Figure 9.11 Directives Needed in a robots.txt File to Help Prevent Search Engine Crawling User-agent: * Disallow: / Google notes, however, that this may not be sufficient to prevent indexing by its crawler if your site is linked to from another site. Google also recommends that you use the noindex meta tag, as shown in Figure 9.12.
408 Chapter 9 • Platform-Level Defenses Figure 9.12 HTML noindex Meta Tag to Help Prevent Search Engine Indexing Here are a few links from the popular search engines to help protect your Web pages from unwanted discovery: ■■ ■■ www.google.com/support/webmasters/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=35301 help.yahoo.com/l/us/yahoo/search/webcrawler/slurp-04.html Disable Web Services Description Language (WSDL) Information Web services are often just as vulnerable to SQL injection as Web applications. To find vulnerabilities in Web services, attackers need to know how to communicate with the Web service, namely the supported communication protocols (e.g., SOAP, HTTP GET, etc.), method names, and expected parameters. All of this information can be extracted from the Web Services Description Language (WSDL) file of the Web service. Usually this is invoked by appending a ?WSDL to the end of the Web service URL. Whenever possible, it is a good idea to suppress this information from unwanted intruders. Figure 9.13 shows how to configure a .NET Web service so that it does not display the WSDL. You can apply this configuration change to the application web.config or machine. config file. Figure 9.13 Configuration to Disable the Display of .NET Web Service WSDL Information Apache Axis, a commonly used Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) Web service platform for Java applications, supports custom configuration of the WSDL file, which can be used to suppress auto-generation. You can configure the wsdlFile setting in the service’s . wsdd file to point to a file that returns an empty tag. In general, leaving WSDL information remotely accessible on Internet-facing Web servers is strongly discouraged. You can use an alternative secured communication channel, such as
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Justin Clarke Lead Author and Techn
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Lead Author and Technical Editor Ju
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exploiting, and correcting software
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Dafydd Stuttard is the author of th
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Contents Chapter 1 What Is SQL Inje
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Contents xi LAPSE. ................
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Contents xiii Generic MySQL Binary
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Contents xv Chapter 8 Code-Level De
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Contents xvii Increase the Verbosit
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Contents xix Ingres Cheat Sheet....
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Chapter 1 What Is SQL Injection? So
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What Is SQL Injection? • Chapter
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execute the query against the datab
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Incorrectly Handled Query Assembly
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} } reader = cmd.ExecuteReader(); r
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Chapter 2 Testing for SQL Injection
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Testing for SQL Injection • Chapt
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SELECT * FROM products WHERE idprod
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Figure 2.15 Exploitation Terminatin
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Time Delays Testing for SQL Injecti
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Summary Testing for SQL Injection
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Chapter 3 Reviewing Code for SQL In
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Reviewing Code for SQL Injection
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mssql_bind() − adds a parameter t
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OdbcCommand() − used to construct
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Reviewing PL/SQL and T-SQL Code Rev
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■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ URL: ht
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■■ ■■ Platform: Windows Pri
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Summary Reviewing Code for SQL Inje
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Frequently Asked Questions Reviewin
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Chapter 4 Exploiting SQL Injection
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Exploiting SQL Injection • Chapte
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Approach 3: Content-based Exploitin
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Error Messages in Oracle Exploiting
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MySQL Exploiting SQL Injection •
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Such a query will return output sim
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SELECT name,spare4 FROM sys.user$ w
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[+] Bruteforcing the sa password. T
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select user_name,web_password_raw f
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HTTP/DNS Exploiting SQL Injection
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Summary Exploiting SQL Injection
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Escalating Privileges Exploiting SQ
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Chapter 5 Blind SQL Injection Explo
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Blind SQL Injection Exploitation
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Common Blind SQL Injection Scenario
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1. Is the byte greater than 127? No
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Using Time-Based Techniques Blind S
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SELECT * FROM unknowntable UNION SE
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Figure 5.13 Extracting Database Log
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Summary Blind SQL Injection Exploit
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Chapter 6 Exploiting the Operating
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Exploiting the Operating System •
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[operating systems] multi(0)disk(0)
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Figure 6.13 Enabling CLR Integratio
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Oracle Exploiting the Operating Sys
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) c / ) ) ), bfilename('GETPWDIR',
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As expected, this creates sp.txt fi
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2 443 [+] Calling msfpayload3 to c
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DBMS_ADVISOR is probably the shorte
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EXECUTE IMMEDIATE q'!drop directory
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Microsoft SQL Server Exploiting the
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Figure 6.22 Creating an UNSAFE Bina
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Executing Operating System Commands
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Endnotes Exploiting the Operating S
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Chapter 7 Advanced Topics Solutions
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Using Case Variation Advanced Topic
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4. The application URL decodes the
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Advanced Topics • Chapter 7 323 D
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Advanced Topics • Chapter 7 325 I
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Using Hybrid Attacks Advanced Topic
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Exploiting Authenticated Vulnerabil
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Chapter 8 Code-Level Defenses Solut
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Code-Level Defenses • Chapter 8 3
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END; Execute immediate 'SELECT coun
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Validating Input in Java Code-Level
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Troubleshooting SQL Injection Attac
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A abstract syntax tree (AST), 125 a
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Index 461 confirming and terminatin
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Index 463 errors application error,
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Index 465 intercepting filters appl
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Index 467 APEX, 196-197 Oracle inte
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Index 469 mysql_query( ) function,
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Index 471 blind SQL injection funct
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Index 473 transformation functions,
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SQL Injection Attacks and Defense - 2009

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