SQL Injection Attacks and Defense - 2009

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Exploiting SQL Injection • Chapter 4 211 a UNION query SQL injection vulnerability, this time using the –v 0 option to reduce the verbosity level to a minimum: $ python sqlmap.py -u "http://ww.victim.com/get_int.php?id=1" --union-use – dump -T users -D public -v 0 web server operating system: Linux Ubuntu 8.10 (Intrepid Ibex) web application technology: PHP 5.2.6, Apache 2.2.9 back-end DBMS: PostgreSQL Database: public Table: users [4 entries] +----+-------------+----------+ | id | password | username | +----+-------------+----------+ | 1 | blissett | luther | | 4 | nameisnull | NULL | | 2 | bunny | fluffy | | 3 | ming | wu | Bobcat Bobcat is an automated SQL injection tool that is designed to aid a security consultant in taking full advantage of SQL injection vulnerabilities; you can download it at www.northernmonkee.co.uk/projects/bobcat/bobcat.html. It was originally created to extend the capabilities of a tool by Cesar Cerrudo, called Data Thief. Bobcat has numerous features that will aid in the compromise of a vulnerable application and help exploit the DBMS, such as listing linked servers and database schemas, dumping data, brute-forcing accounts, elevating privileges, and executing operating system commands. Bobcat can exploit SQL injection vulnerabilities in Web applications, independent of their language, but is dependent on SQL Server as the back-end database. It also requires a local installation of Microsoft SQL Server or Microsoft SQL Server Desktop Engine (MSDE). The tool also uses the error-based method for exploiting SQL injection vulnerabilities, so if the remote DBMS is protected by sufficient egress filtering, exploitation is still possible. According to the author, the next version will include extended support for other databases and new features (such as the ability to exploit blind injections) and will also be open source. The most useful and unique feature of Bobcat is its ability to exploit the DBMS through the use of an OOB channel. Bobcat implements the “OPENROWSET” style of OOB channel as introduced by Chris Anley in 2002 (see www.nextgenss.com/papers/more_ advanced_sql_injection.pdf); hence, it’s a requirement for a local Microsoft SQL Server or MSDE installation. We explain OOB connections using OPENROWSET in more detail in Chapter 5. Figure 4.18 shows a screenshot of the tool.
212 Chapter 4 • Exploiting SQL Injection Figure 4.18 Screenshot of Bobcat BSQL Another very promising tool for Windows boxes is BSQL, developed by Ferruh Mavituna and available at http://code.google.com/p/bsqlhacker/. Even though it was still in beta at the time of this writing, it performed extremely well according to the OWASP SQLiBENCH project, a benchmarking project of automatic SQL injectors that perform data extraction (http://code.google.com/p/sqlibench/), and therefore already deserves mention. BSQL is released under the GPLv2, works on any Windows machine with .NET Framework 2 installed, and comes with an automated installer. It supports error-based injection and blind injection and offers the possibility of using an interesting alternative approach to time-based injection, where different timeouts are used depending on the value of the character to extract so that more than one bit can be extracted with each request. The technique, which the author dubbed “deep blind injection,” is described in detail in a paper that you can download from http://labs.portcullis.co.uk/download/ Deep_Blind_SQL_Injection.pdf. BSQL can find SQL injection vulnerabilities and extract information from the following databases: ■■ ■■ ■■ Oracle SQL Server MySQL Figure 4.19 shows an example screenshot of an ongoing BSQL attack.
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Justin Clarke Lead Author and Techn
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Lead Author and Technical Editor Ju
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exploiting, and correcting software
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Dafydd Stuttard is the author of th
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Contents Chapter 1 What Is SQL Inje
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Contents xi LAPSE. ................
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Contents xiii Generic MySQL Binary
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Contents xv Chapter 8 Code-Level De
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Contents xvii Increase the Verbosit
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Contents xix Ingres Cheat Sheet....
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Chapter 1 What Is SQL Injection? So
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What Is SQL Injection? • Chapter
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execute the query against the datab
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Incorrectly Handled Query Assembly
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} } reader = cmd.ExecuteReader(); r
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Chapter 2 Testing for SQL Injection
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Testing for SQL Injection • Chapt
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SELECT * FROM products WHERE idprod
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Figure 2.15 Exploitation Terminatin
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Time Delays Testing for SQL Injecti
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Summary Testing for SQL Injection
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Chapter 3 Reviewing Code for SQL In
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Reviewing Code for SQL Injection
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mssql_bind() − adds a parameter t
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OdbcCommand() − used to construct
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Reviewing PL/SQL and T-SQL Code Rev
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■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ URL: ht
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■■ ■■ Platform: Windows Pri
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Summary Reviewing Code for SQL Inje
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Frequently Asked Questions Reviewin
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Chapter 4 Exploiting SQL Injection
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Exploiting SQL Injection • Chapte
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Page 182 and 183: Approach 3: Content-based Exploitin
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Page 188 and 189: Error Messages in Oracle Exploiting
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Page 218 and 219: select user_name,web_password_raw f
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Page 238 and 239: Escalating Privileges Exploiting SQ
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Page 246 and 247: Common Blind SQL Injection Scenario
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Blind SQL Injection Exploitation
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Figure 5.13 Extracting Database Log
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Summary Blind SQL Injection Exploit
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Chapter 6 Exploiting the Operating
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Exploiting the Operating System •
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[operating systems] multi(0)disk(0)
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Figure 6.13 Enabling CLR Integratio
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Oracle Exploiting the Operating Sys
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) c / ) ) ), bfilename('GETPWDIR',
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As expected, this creates sp.txt fi
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2 443 [+] Calling msfpayload3 to c
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DBMS_ADVISOR is probably the shorte
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EXECUTE IMMEDIATE q'!drop directory
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Microsoft SQL Server Exploiting the
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Figure 6.22 Creating an UNSAFE Bina
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Executing Operating System Commands
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Endnotes Exploiting the Operating S
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Chapter 7 Advanced Topics Solutions
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Using Case Variation Advanced Topic
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4. The application URL decodes the
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Advanced Topics • Chapter 7 323 D
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Using Hybrid Attacks Advanced Topic
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Exploiting Authenticated Vulnerabil
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Advanced Topics • Chapter 7 339
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Chapter 8 Code-Level Defenses Solut
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Code-Level Defenses • Chapter 8 3
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END; Execute immediate 'SELECT coun
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Validating Input in Java Code-Level
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UTL_SMTP.HELO(v_connection,'mailhos
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Summary Code-Level Defenses • Cha
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Chapter 9 Platform-Level Defenses S
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Platform-Level Defenses • Chapter
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Figure 9.3 Whitelist Rule to Patch
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Application Filters Platform-Level
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Use Strong Cryptography to Protect
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Additional Deployment Consideration
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Chapter 10 References Solutions in
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References • Chapter 10 417 For t
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References • Chapter 10 419 It is
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GROUP BY Statement References • C
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References • Chapter 10 423 you a
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References • Chapter 10 425 Table
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Blind SQL Injection Functions: Micr
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References • Chapter 10 429 the S
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Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Hashes Re
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References • Chapter 10 435 If MA
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TYPE oracle_loader DEFAULT DIRECTOR
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References • Chapter 10 441 When
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Table 10.20 Continued. Troubleshoot
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Enumerating Database Configuration
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Local File Access References • Ch
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References • Chapter 10 451 Infor
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■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ Referen
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Troubleshooting SQL Injection Attac
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A abstract syntax tree (AST), 125 a
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Index 461 confirming and terminatin
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Index 463 errors application error,
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Index 465 intercepting filters appl
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Index 467 APEX, 196-197 Oracle inte
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Index 469 mysql_query( ) function,
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Index 471 blind SQL injection funct
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Index 473 transformation functions,
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SQL Injection Attacks and Defense - 2009

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