SQL Injection Attacks and Defense - 2009

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Blind SQL Injection Exploitation • Chapter 5 265 lookups by prefixing the supplied domain with the output. These DNS queries will arrive at the attacker’s address and are decoded by sqlninja and displayed. Sqlninja includes a stand-alone DNS server component which answers queries for the purposes of eliminating timeouts. Figure 5.15 shows an instance of sqlninja that was used to retrieve the account under which SQL Server was running using the whoami command. Because sqlninja relies on both xp_cmdshell and file creation, privileged database access is a must. Figure 5.15 Executing sqlninja to Extract a Username via DNS Squeeza The final tool examined for automating blind SQL injection exploitation, squeeza is a command-line tool that supports multiple methods for extracting information from SQL Server databases, with particular emphasis placed on the DNS channel where a reliability layer is added. ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ URL: www.sensepost.com/research/squeeza Requirements: Ruby, tcpdump for DNS channel (Linux/Mac), authoritative DNS server for any domain Scenarios: Generic error page, controlled output; generic error page, uncontrolled output; completely blind, no errors Supported database: SQL Server Methods: Inference time-based bit-by-bit; alternative channel = DNS Squeeza takes a slightly different approach to SQL injection in general by dividing injection into data creation (e.g., command execution, a file from the database’s file system, or an SQL query) and data extraction (e.g., using classic errors, timing inference, and DNS). This enables the attacker to mix and match to a large degree: command execution using timing as the return channel, or file copy over DNS. We will focus solely on the DNS extraction channel combined with command execution for data generation for brevity’s sake.
266 Chapter 5 • Blind SQL Injection Exploitation Squeeza’s DNS channel is handled entirely in T-SQL, meaning that there is no requirement for privileged database access (where privileged access is available, it is used as this speeds up extraction). Obviously, when data is generated via command execution, privileged access is required; likewise for file copying. Squeeza also makes every attempt to be reliable in the face of unpredictable UDP DNS packets, and has a transport layer that ensures that all data arrives. It can also handle very long fields (up to 8,000 bytes) and can extract binary data. Settings are stored in a configuration file for persistence, with the minimum details required being the Web server (host), a path to the vulnerable page (URL), any GET or POST parameters (querystring), and whether the request is a GET or a POST (method). Inside the querystring, the marker X_X_X_X_X_X is used to locate where injection strings are placed. Figure 5.16 is a screenshot showing squeeza returning a directory listing via DNS. Figure 5.16 Squeeza Returning a Directory Listing
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Justin Clarke Lead Author and Techn
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Lead Author and Technical Editor Ju
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exploiting, and correcting software
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Dafydd Stuttard is the author of th
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Contents Chapter 1 What Is SQL Inje
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Contents xi LAPSE. ................
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Contents xiii Generic MySQL Binary
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Contents xv Chapter 8 Code-Level De
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Contents xvii Increase the Verbosit
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Contents xix Ingres Cheat Sheet....
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Chapter 1 What Is SQL Injection? So
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What Is SQL Injection? • Chapter
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execute the query against the datab
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Incorrectly Handled Query Assembly
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} } reader = cmd.ExecuteReader(); r
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Chapter 2 Testing for SQL Injection
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Testing for SQL Injection • Chapt
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SELECT * FROM products WHERE idprod
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Figure 2.15 Exploitation Terminatin
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Time Delays Testing for SQL Injecti
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Summary Testing for SQL Injection
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Chapter 3 Reviewing Code for SQL In
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Reviewing Code for SQL Injection
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mssql_bind() − adds a parameter t
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OdbcCommand() − used to construct
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Reviewing PL/SQL and T-SQL Code Rev
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■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ URL: ht
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■■ ■■ Platform: Windows Pri
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Summary Reviewing Code for SQL Inje
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Frequently Asked Questions Reviewin
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Chapter 4 Exploiting SQL Injection
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Exploiting SQL Injection • Chapte
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Approach 3: Content-based Exploitin
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Error Messages in Oracle Exploiting
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MySQL Exploiting SQL Injection •
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Such a query will return output sim
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SELECT name,spare4 FROM sys.user$ w
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[+] Bruteforcing the sa password. T
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select user_name,web_password_raw f
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HTTP/DNS Exploiting SQL Injection
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Page 236 and 237: Summary Exploiting SQL Injection
Page 238 and 239: Escalating Privileges Exploiting SQ
Page 240 and 241: Chapter 5 Blind SQL Injection Explo
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Page 246 and 247: Common Blind SQL Injection Scenario
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Page 284 and 285: Figure 5.13 Extracting Database Log
Page 288 and 289: Summary Blind SQL Injection Exploit
Page 292 and 293: Chapter 6 Exploiting the Operating
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Endnotes Exploiting the Operating S
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Chapter 7 Advanced Topics Solutions
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Using Case Variation Advanced Topic
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4. The application URL decodes the
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Advanced Topics • Chapter 7 323 D
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Advanced Topics • Chapter 7 325 I
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Using Hybrid Attacks Advanced Topic
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Exploiting Authenticated Vulnerabil
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Advanced Topics • Chapter 7 339
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Chapter 8 Code-Level Defenses Solut
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Code-Level Defenses • Chapter 8 3
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END; Execute immediate 'SELECT coun
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Validating Input in Java Code-Level
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UTL_SMTP.HELO(v_connection,'mailhos
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Summary Code-Level Defenses • Cha
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Chapter 9 Platform-Level Defenses S
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Platform-Level Defenses • Chapter
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Figure 9.3 Whitelist Rule to Patch
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Application Filters Platform-Level
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Use Strong Cryptography to Protect
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Additional Deployment Consideration
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Chapter 10 References Solutions in
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References • Chapter 10 417 For t
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References • Chapter 10 419 It is
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GROUP BY Statement References • C
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References • Chapter 10 423 you a
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References • Chapter 10 425 Table
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Blind SQL Injection Functions: Micr
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References • Chapter 10 429 the S
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Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Hashes Re
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References • Chapter 10 435 If MA
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TYPE oracle_loader DEFAULT DIRECTOR
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References • Chapter 10 441 When
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Table 10.20 Continued. Troubleshoot
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Enumerating Database Configuration
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Local File Access References • Ch
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References • Chapter 10 451 Infor
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■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ Referen
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Troubleshooting SQL Injection Attac
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A abstract syntax tree (AST), 125 a
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Index 461 confirming and terminatin
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Index 463 errors application error,
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Index 465 intercepting filters appl
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Index 467 APEX, 196-197 Oracle inte
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Index 469 mysql_query( ) function,
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Index 471 blind SQL injection funct
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Index 473 transformation functions,
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SQL Injection Attacks and Defense - 2009

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