SQL Injection Attacks and Defense - 2009

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Chapter 9 Platform-Level Defenses Solutions in this chapter: ■■ ■■ ■■ Using Runtime Protection Securing the Database Additional Deployment Considerations ˛ Summary ˛ Solutions Fast Track ˛ Frequently Asked Questions 377
378 Chapter 9 • Platform-Level Defenses Introduction In Chapter 8, we discussed practices and defenses that you can employ at the code level to prevent SQL injection. In this chapter, we’ll shift our focus to platform-level defenses that detect, mitigate, and prevent SQL injection. A platform-level defense is any runtime enhancement or configuration change that can be made to increase the application’s overall security. The scope of protection we’ll cover in this chapter varies; however, as a whole the techniques we’ll discuss can help you to achieve a multilayered security architecture. First we’ll examine runtime protection technologies and techniques, such as Web server plug-ins and leveraging application framework features. We’ll follow this with strategies for securing the data in the database, as well as the database itself, to help reduce the impact of exploitable SQL injection vulnerabilities. Lastly, we’ll look at what you can do at the infrastructure level to reduce the threat. It is important to remember that the solutions discussed in this chapter are not a substitute for writing secure code, but are complementary. A hardened database does not stop SQL injection, but makes it significantly more difficult to exploit. A security filter can serve as a virtual patch between vulnerability detection and code correction as well as a formidable defense against zero-day threats, such as the “uc8010” automated SQL injection attack that infected well over 100,000 Web sites in a few days. Platform-level security is an important component to the overall security strategy for both existing and new applications. Using Runtime Protection In this section, we’ll consider runtime protection to be any security solution that you can use to detect, mitigate, or prevent SQL injection that is deployable without recompiling the vulnerable application’s source code. The solutions covered here are primarily software plug-ins for Web servers and development frameworks (e.g., the .NET Framework, J2EE, PHP, etc.) or techniques for leveraging/extending features of the Web or application platform. Most of the software solutions we’ll discuss are free and are available for download on the Internet. We will not cover commercial products, although some may implement one or more of the strategies and techniques discussed here. Runtime protection is a valuable tool for mitigating and preventing exploitation of known SQL injection vulnerabilities. Fixing the vulnerable source code is always the ideal solution; however, the development effort required is not always feasible, practical, cost-effective, or unfortunately a high priority. Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) applications are often purchased in compiled format, which eliminates the possibility of fixing the code. Even if uncompiled code is available for a COTS application, customizations may violate support contracts and/or prevent the software vendor from providing updates according to its normal
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Justin Clarke Lead Author and Techn
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Lead Author and Technical Editor Ju
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exploiting, and correcting software
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Dafydd Stuttard is the author of th
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Contents Chapter 1 What Is SQL Inje
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Contents xi LAPSE. ................
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Contents xiii Generic MySQL Binary
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Contents xv Chapter 8 Code-Level De
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Contents xvii Increase the Verbosit
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Contents xix Ingres Cheat Sheet....
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Chapter 1 What Is SQL Injection? So
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What Is SQL Injection? • Chapter
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execute the query against the datab
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Incorrectly Handled Query Assembly
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} } reader = cmd.ExecuteReader(); r
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Chapter 2 Testing for SQL Injection
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Testing for SQL Injection • Chapt
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SELECT * FROM products WHERE idprod
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Figure 2.15 Exploitation Terminatin
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Time Delays Testing for SQL Injecti
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Summary Testing for SQL Injection
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Chapter 3 Reviewing Code for SQL In
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Reviewing Code for SQL Injection
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mssql_bind() − adds a parameter t
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OdbcCommand() − used to construct
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Reviewing PL/SQL and T-SQL Code Rev
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■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ URL: ht
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■■ ■■ Platform: Windows Pri
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Summary Reviewing Code for SQL Inje
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Frequently Asked Questions Reviewin
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Chapter 4 Exploiting SQL Injection
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Exploiting SQL Injection • Chapte
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Approach 3: Content-based Exploitin
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Error Messages in Oracle Exploiting
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MySQL Exploiting SQL Injection •
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Such a query will return output sim
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SELECT name,spare4 FROM sys.user$ w
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[+] Bruteforcing the sa password. T
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select user_name,web_password_raw f
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HTTP/DNS Exploiting SQL Injection
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Summary Exploiting SQL Injection
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Escalating Privileges Exploiting SQ
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Chapter 5 Blind SQL Injection Explo
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Blind SQL Injection Exploitation
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Common Blind SQL Injection Scenario
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1. Is the byte greater than 127? No
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Using Time-Based Techniques Blind S
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SELECT * FROM unknowntable UNION SE
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Figure 5.13 Extracting Database Log
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Summary Blind SQL Injection Exploit
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Chapter 6 Exploiting the Operating
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Exploiting the Operating System •
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[operating systems] multi(0)disk(0)
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Figure 6.13 Enabling CLR Integratio
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Oracle Exploiting the Operating Sys
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) c / ) ) ), bfilename('GETPWDIR',
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As expected, this creates sp.txt fi
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2 443 [+] Calling msfpayload3 to c
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DBMS_ADVISOR is probably the shorte
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EXECUTE IMMEDIATE q'!drop directory
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Microsoft SQL Server Exploiting the
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Figure 6.22 Creating an UNSAFE Bina
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Executing Operating System Commands
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Endnotes Exploiting the Operating S
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Chapter 7 Advanced Topics Solutions
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Using Case Variation Advanced Topic
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4. The application URL decodes the
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Advanced Topics • Chapter 7 323 D
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Advanced Topics • Chapter 7 325 I
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Blind SQL Injection Functions: Micr
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References • Chapter 10 429 the S
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Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Hashes Re
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References • Chapter 10 433 Table
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References • Chapter 10 435 If MA
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TYPE oracle_loader DEFAULT DIRECTOR
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References • Chapter 10 441 When
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Table 10.20 Continued. Troubleshoot
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Enumerating Database Configuration
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Local File Access References • Ch
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References • Chapter 10 451 Infor
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■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ Referen
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Troubleshooting SQL Injection Attac
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A abstract syntax tree (AST), 125 a
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Index 461 confirming and terminatin
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Index 463 errors application error,
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Index 465 intercepting filters appl
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Index 467 APEX, 196-197 Oracle inte
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Index 469 mysql_query( ) function,
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Index 471 blind SQL injection funct
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Index 473 transformation functions,
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SQL Injection Attacks and Defense - 2009

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