SQL Injection Attacks and Defense - 2009

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Chapter 2 Testing for SQL Injection Solutions in this chapter: ■■ ■■ ■■ Finding SQL Injection Confirming SQL Injection Automating SQL Injection Discovery ˛ Summary ˛ Solutions Fast Track ˛ Frequently Asked Questions 29
30 Chapter 2 • Testing for SQL Injection Introduction As the presence of SQL injection is commonly tested for remotely (i.e., over the Internet as part of an application penetration test) you usually don’t have the opportunity to look at the source code to review the structure of the query into which you are injecting. This often leads to a need to perform much of your testing through inference—that is, “If I see this, then this is probably happening at the back end.” This chapter discusses techniques for finding SQL injection issues from the perspective of the user sitting in front of his browser and interacting with a Web application. We will also discuss techniques for confirming that the issue is indeed SQL injection and not some other issue, such as XML injection. Finally, we’ll look at automating the SQL injection discovery process to increase the efficiency of detecting simpler cases of SQL injection. Finding SQL Injection SQL injection can be present in any front-end application accepting data entry from a system or user, which is then used to access a database server. In this section, we will focus on the Web environment, as this is the most common scenario, and we will therefore initially be armed with just a Web browser. In a Web environment, the Web browser is a client acting as a front end requesting data from the user and sending it to the remote server which will create SQL queries using the submitted data. Our main goal at this stage is to identify anomalies in the server response and determine whether they are generated by an SQL injection vulnerability. Although you will see many examples and scenarios in this chapter, we will not cover every SQL injection possibility that can be found. Think of it this way: Someone can teach you how to add two numbers, but it is not necessary (or practical) to cover every single possibility; as long as you know how to add two numbers you can apply that knowledge to every scenario involving addition. SQL injection is the same. You need to understand the hows and whys and the rest will simply be a matter of practice. We will rarely have access to the application source code, and therefore we will need to test by inference. Possessing an analytical mindset is very important in understanding and progressing an attack. You will need to be very careful in understanding server responses to gain an idea of what might be happening at the server side. Testing by inference is easier than you might think. It is all about sending requests to the server and detecting anomalies in the response. You might be thinking that finding SQL injection vulnerabilities is about sending random values to the server, but you will see that once you understand the logic and fundamentals of the attack it becomes a straightforward and exciting process.
Page 2 and 3: Justin Clarke Lead Author and Techn
Page 4 and 5: Lead Author and Technical Editor Ju
Page 6 and 7: exploiting, and correcting software
Page 8 and 9: Dafydd Stuttard is the author of th
Page 10 and 11: Contents Chapter 1 What Is SQL Inje
Page 12 and 13: Contents xi LAPSE. ................
Page 14 and 15: Contents xiii Generic MySQL Binary
Page 16 and 17: Contents xv Chapter 8 Code-Level De
Page 18 and 19: Contents xvii Increase the Verbosit
Page 20 and 21: Contents xix Ingres Cheat Sheet....
Page 22 and 23: Chapter 1 What Is SQL Injection? So
Page 24 and 25: What Is SQL Injection? • Chapter
Page 30 and 31: execute the query against the datab
Page 38 and 39: Incorrectly Handled Query Assembly
Page 40 and 41: } } reader = cmd.ExecuteReader(); r
Page 52 and 53: Testing for SQL Injection • Chapt
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Time Delays Testing for SQL Injecti
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Testing for SQL Injection • Chapt
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Summary Testing for SQL Injection
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Chapter 3 Reviewing Code for SQL In
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Reviewing Code for SQL Injection
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mssql_bind() − adds a parameter t
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OdbcCommand() − used to construct
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Reviewing PL/SQL and T-SQL Code Rev
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■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ URL: ht
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■■ ■■ Platform: Windows Pri
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Summary Reviewing Code for SQL Inje
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Frequently Asked Questions Reviewin
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Chapter 4 Exploiting SQL Injection
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Exploiting SQL Injection • Chapte
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Approach 3: Content-based Exploitin
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Error Messages in Oracle Exploiting
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MySQL Exploiting SQL Injection •
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Such a query will return output sim
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SELECT name,spare4 FROM sys.user$ w
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[+] Bruteforcing the sa password. T
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select user_name,web_password_raw f
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HTTP/DNS Exploiting SQL Injection
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Summary Exploiting SQL Injection
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Escalating Privileges Exploiting SQ
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Chapter 5 Blind SQL Injection Explo
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Blind SQL Injection Exploitation
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Common Blind SQL Injection Scenario
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1. Is the byte greater than 127? No
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Using Time-Based Techniques Blind S
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SELECT * FROM unknowntable UNION SE
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Figure 5.13 Extracting Database Log
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Summary Blind SQL Injection Exploit
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Chapter 6 Exploiting the Operating
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Exploiting the Operating System •
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[operating systems] multi(0)disk(0)
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Figure 6.13 Enabling CLR Integratio
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Oracle Exploiting the Operating Sys
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) c / ) ) ), bfilename('GETPWDIR',
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As expected, this creates sp.txt fi
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2 443 [+] Calling msfpayload3 to c
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DBMS_ADVISOR is probably the shorte
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EXECUTE IMMEDIATE q'!drop directory
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Microsoft SQL Server Exploiting the
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Figure 6.22 Creating an UNSAFE Bina
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Executing Operating System Commands
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Endnotes Exploiting the Operating S
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Chapter 7 Advanced Topics Solutions
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Using Case Variation Advanced Topic
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4. The application URL decodes the
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Advanced Topics • Chapter 7 323 D
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Using Hybrid Attacks Advanced Topic
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Exploiting Authenticated Vulnerabil
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Advanced Topics • Chapter 7 339
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Chapter 8 Code-Level Defenses Solut
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Code-Level Defenses • Chapter 8 3
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END; Execute immediate 'SELECT coun
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Validating Input in Java Code-Level
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UTL_SMTP.HELO(v_connection,'mailhos
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Summary Code-Level Defenses • Cha
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Chapter 9 Platform-Level Defenses S
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Platform-Level Defenses • Chapter
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Figure 9.3 Whitelist Rule to Patch
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Application Filters Platform-Level
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Use Strong Cryptography to Protect
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Additional Deployment Consideration
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Chapter 10 References Solutions in
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References • Chapter 10 417 For t
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References • Chapter 10 419 It is
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GROUP BY Statement References • C
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References • Chapter 10 423 you a
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References • Chapter 10 425 Table
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Blind SQL Injection Functions: Micr
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References • Chapter 10 429 the S
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Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Hashes Re
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References • Chapter 10 435 If MA
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TYPE oracle_loader DEFAULT DIRECTOR
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References • Chapter 10 441 When
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Table 10.20 Continued. Troubleshoot
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Enumerating Database Configuration
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Local File Access References • Ch
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References • Chapter 10 451 Infor
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■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ Referen
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Troubleshooting SQL Injection Attac
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A abstract syntax tree (AST), 125 a
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Index 461 confirming and terminatin
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Index 463 errors application error,
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Index 465 intercepting filters appl
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Index 467 APEX, 196-197 Oracle inte
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Index 469 mysql_query( ) function,
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Index 471 blind SQL injection funct
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Index 473 transformation functions,
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SQL Injection Attacks and Defense - 2009

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