SQL Injection Attacks and Defense - 2009

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Exploiting SQL Injection • Chapter 4 143 Figure 4.2 SQL Error Message Resulting from an Unclosed Quotation Mark It’s hard to imagine anything easier: The error message clearly mentions “SQL Server,” plus some helpful details regarding what went wrong, which will be useful later when you’re crafting a correct query. A syntax error generated by MySQL 5.0, on the other hand, will more likely be the following: ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '' at line 1 Also in this case, the error message contains a clear hint of the DBMS technology. Other errors might not be as useful, but this is not usually a problem. Note the two error codes at the beginning of the last error message. Those by themselves form a signature for MySQL. For instance, if you try to extract data from a non-existent table on the same MySQL installation, you will receive the following error: ERROR 1146(42S02): Table 'foo.bar' doesn't exist As you can see, databases generally prepend an error message with some kind of code that uniquely identifies the error type. As a further example, you might guess the DBMS that generated the following error: ORA-01773:may not specify column datatypes in this CREATE TABLE
144 Chapter 4 • Exploiting SQL Injection The “ORA” string at the beginning is the giveaway: It is an Oracle installation! A complete repository of all Oracle error messages is available at www.ora-code.com. Banner Grabbing Error messages can allow you to obtain a fairly precise idea of the technology the Web application uses to store its data. However, this is not enough, and you can go beyond that. In the first example, for instance, we discovered that the remote database is SQL Server, but there are various versions of this product; at the time of this writing, the most widespread version is SQL Server 2005, but there are still many SQL Server 2000 installations in use, and SQL Server 2008 was released in August 2008 but it is still at the early stages of deployment. Being able to discover a few more details, such as the exact version and patch level, would allow you to quickly understand whether the remote database has some well-known flaw that you can exploit. Luckily, if the Web application returns the results of the injected queries, figuring out the exact technology is usually straightforward. All major database technologies allow at least one specific query that returns the software version, and all you need is to make the Web application return the result of that query. Table 4.1 provides some examples of queries that will return, for a given technology, a string containing the exact DBMS version. Table 4.1 Returning the DBMS Version Database Server Microsoft SQL Server MySQL Oracle Query SELECT @@version SELECT version() SELECT @@version SELECT banner FROM v$version SELECT banner FROM v$version WHERE rownum=1 For instance, on SQL Server 2000 SP4, by issuing the query SELECT @@version you will obtain the following: Microsoft SQL Server 2000 – 8.00.194 (Intel X86) Aug 6 2000 00:57:48 Copyright (c) 1988–2000 Microsoft Corporation Standard Edition on Windows NT 5.0 (Build 2195: Service Pack 4)
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Justin Clarke Lead Author and Techn
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Lead Author and Technical Editor Ju
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exploiting, and correcting software
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Dafydd Stuttard is the author of th
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Contents Chapter 1 What Is SQL Inje
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Contents xi LAPSE. ................
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Contents xiii Generic MySQL Binary
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Contents xv Chapter 8 Code-Level De
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Contents xvii Increase the Verbosit
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Contents xix Ingres Cheat Sheet....
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Chapter 1 What Is SQL Injection? So
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What Is SQL Injection? • Chapter
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execute the query against the datab
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Incorrectly Handled Query Assembly
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} } reader = cmd.ExecuteReader(); r
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Chapter 2 Testing for SQL Injection
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Testing for SQL Injection • Chapt
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SELECT * FROM products WHERE idprod
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Figure 2.15 Exploitation Terminatin
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Time Delays Testing for SQL Injecti
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Summary Testing for SQL Injection
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Page 128 and 129: mssql_bind() − adds a parameter t
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Page 156 and 157: Frequently Asked Questions Reviewin
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Exploiting SQL Injection • Chapte
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select user_name,web_password_raw f
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HTTP/DNS Exploiting SQL Injection
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Summary Exploiting SQL Injection
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Escalating Privileges Exploiting SQ
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Chapter 5 Blind SQL Injection Explo
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Blind SQL Injection Exploitation
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Common Blind SQL Injection Scenario
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1. Is the byte greater than 127? No
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Using Time-Based Techniques Blind S
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SELECT * FROM unknowntable UNION SE
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Figure 5.13 Extracting Database Log
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Summary Blind SQL Injection Exploit
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Chapter 6 Exploiting the Operating
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Exploiting the Operating System •
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[operating systems] multi(0)disk(0)
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Figure 6.13 Enabling CLR Integratio
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Oracle Exploiting the Operating Sys
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) c / ) ) ), bfilename('GETPWDIR',
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As expected, this creates sp.txt fi
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2 443 [+] Calling msfpayload3 to c
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DBMS_ADVISOR is probably the shorte
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EXECUTE IMMEDIATE q'!drop directory
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Microsoft SQL Server Exploiting the
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Figure 6.22 Creating an UNSAFE Bina
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Executing Operating System Commands
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Endnotes Exploiting the Operating S
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Chapter 7 Advanced Topics Solutions
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Using Case Variation Advanced Topic
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4. The application URL decodes the
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Advanced Topics • Chapter 7 323 D
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Advanced Topics • Chapter 7 325 I
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Advanced Topics • Chapter 7 333 1
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Using Hybrid Attacks Advanced Topic
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Exploiting Authenticated Vulnerabil
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Advanced Topics • Chapter 7 339
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Chapter 8 Code-Level Defenses Solut
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Code-Level Defenses • Chapter 8 3
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END; Execute immediate 'SELECT coun
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Validating Input in Java Code-Level
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UTL_SMTP.HELO(v_connection,'mailhos
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Summary Code-Level Defenses • Cha
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Chapter 9 Platform-Level Defenses S
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Platform-Level Defenses • Chapter
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Figure 9.3 Whitelist Rule to Patch
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Application Filters Platform-Level
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Use Strong Cryptography to Protect
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Additional Deployment Consideration
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Chapter 10 References Solutions in
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References • Chapter 10 417 For t
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References • Chapter 10 419 It is
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GROUP BY Statement References • C
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References • Chapter 10 423 you a
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References • Chapter 10 425 Table
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Blind SQL Injection Functions: Micr
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References • Chapter 10 429 the S
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Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Hashes Re
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References • Chapter 10 435 If MA
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TYPE oracle_loader DEFAULT DIRECTOR
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References • Chapter 10 441 When
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Table 10.20 Continued. Troubleshoot
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Enumerating Database Configuration
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Local File Access References • Ch
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References • Chapter 10 451 Infor
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■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ Referen
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Troubleshooting SQL Injection Attac
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A abstract syntax tree (AST), 125 a
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Index 461 confirming and terminatin
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Index 463 errors application error,
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Index 465 intercepting filters appl
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Index 467 APEX, 196-197 Oracle inte
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Index 469 mysql_query( ) function,
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Index 471 blind SQL injection funct
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Index 473 transformation functions,
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SQL Injection Attacks and Defense - 2009

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