SQL Injection Attacks and Defense - 2009

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Testing for SQL Injection • Chapter 2 45 http://www.victim.com/showproducts.aspx?category=bikes' and 1=0/name;-- Application response: Server Error in '/' Application. Syntax error converting the nvarchar value 'Claud Butler Olympus D2' to a column of data type int. Description: An unhandled exception occurred during the execution of the current web request. Please review the stack trace for more information about the error and where it originated in the code. Tip Information disclosure in error messages can be very useful to an attacker targeting applications using SQL Server databases. If you find this kind of disclosure in an authentication mechanism, try to enumerate the username and password column names (which are likely to be user and password) using the HAVING and GROUP BY techniques already explained: http://www.victim.com/logon.aspx?username=test' having 1'='1 http://www.victim.com/logon.aspx?username=test' GROUP BY User having '1'='1 After discovering the column names, you can disclose the credentials of the first account, which is likely to possess administrative privileges: http://www.victim.com/logon.aspx?username=test' and 1=0/User and 1'='1 http://www.victim.com/logon.aspx?username=test' and 1=0/Password and 1'='1 You can also discover other accounts adding the discovered usernames in a negative condition to exclude them from the result set: http://www.victim.com/logon.aspx?username=test' and User not in ('Admin') and 1=0/User and 1'='1 You can configure errors displayed in ASP.NET applications using the web.config file. This file is used to define the settings and configurations of an ASP.NET application. It is an XML document which can contain information about the loaded modules, security configuration, compilation settings, and similar data. The customErrors directive defines how errors are returned to the Web browser. By default, customErrors=“On”, which prevents the application server from displaying verbose errors to remote visitors. You can completely disable this feature using the following code, although this is not recommended in production environments:
46 Chapter 2 • Testing for SQL Injection Another possibility is to display different pages depending on the HTTP error code generated when rendering the page: In the preceding example, the application by default will redirect the user to Error.aspx. However, in three cases (HTTP codes 403, 404, and 500) the user will be redirected to another page. MySQL Errors In this section, you will see some of the typical MySQL errors. All of the main server-side scripting languages can access MySQL databases. MySQL can be executed in many architectures and operating systems. A common configuration is formed by an Apache Web server running PHP on a Linux operating system, but you can find it in many other scenarios as well. The following error is usually an indication of a MySQL injection vulnerability: Warning: mysql_fetch_array(): supplied argument is not a valid MySQL result resource in /var/www/victim.com/showproduct.php on line 8 In this example, the attacker injected a single quote in a GET parameter and the PHP page sent the SQL statement to the database. The following fragment of PHP code shows the vulnerability:
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Justin Clarke Lead Author and Techn
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Lead Author and Technical Editor Ju
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exploiting, and correcting software
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Dafydd Stuttard is the author of th
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Contents Chapter 1 What Is SQL Inje
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Contents xi LAPSE. ................
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Contents xiii Generic MySQL Binary
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Chapter 3 Reviewing Code for SQL In
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Reviewing Code for SQL Injection
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mssql_bind() − adds a parameter t
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OdbcCommand() − used to construct
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Reviewing PL/SQL and T-SQL Code Rev
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■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ URL: ht
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■■ ■■ Platform: Windows Pri
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Summary Reviewing Code for SQL Inje
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Frequently Asked Questions Reviewin
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Chapter 4 Exploiting SQL Injection
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Exploiting SQL Injection • Chapte
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Approach 3: Content-based Exploitin
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Error Messages in Oracle Exploiting
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MySQL Exploiting SQL Injection •
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Such a query will return output sim
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SELECT name,spare4 FROM sys.user$ w
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[+] Bruteforcing the sa password. T
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select user_name,web_password_raw f
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HTTP/DNS Exploiting SQL Injection
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Summary Exploiting SQL Injection
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Escalating Privileges Exploiting SQ
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Chapter 5 Blind SQL Injection Explo
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Blind SQL Injection Exploitation
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Common Blind SQL Injection Scenario
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1. Is the byte greater than 127? No
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Using Time-Based Techniques Blind S
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SELECT * FROM unknowntable UNION SE
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Figure 5.13 Extracting Database Log
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Summary Blind SQL Injection Exploit
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Chapter 6 Exploiting the Operating
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Exploiting the Operating System •
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[operating systems] multi(0)disk(0)
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Figure 6.13 Enabling CLR Integratio
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Oracle Exploiting the Operating Sys
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) c / ) ) ), bfilename('GETPWDIR',
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As expected, this creates sp.txt fi
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2 443 [+] Calling msfpayload3 to c
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DBMS_ADVISOR is probably the shorte
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EXECUTE IMMEDIATE q'!drop directory
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Microsoft SQL Server Exploiting the
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Figure 6.22 Creating an UNSAFE Bina
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Executing Operating System Commands
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Endnotes Exploiting the Operating S
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Chapter 7 Advanced Topics Solutions
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Using Case Variation Advanced Topic
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4. The application URL decodes the
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Advanced Topics • Chapter 7 323 D
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Using Hybrid Attacks Advanced Topic
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Exploiting Authenticated Vulnerabil
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Advanced Topics • Chapter 7 339
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Chapter 8 Code-Level Defenses Solut
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Code-Level Defenses • Chapter 8 3
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END; Execute immediate 'SELECT coun
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Validating Input in Java Code-Level
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UTL_SMTP.HELO(v_connection,'mailhos
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Summary Code-Level Defenses • Cha
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Chapter 9 Platform-Level Defenses S
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Platform-Level Defenses • Chapter
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Figure 9.3 Whitelist Rule to Patch
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Application Filters Platform-Level
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Use Strong Cryptography to Protect
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Additional Deployment Consideration
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Chapter 10 References Solutions in
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References • Chapter 10 417 For t
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References • Chapter 10 419 It is
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GROUP BY Statement References • C
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References • Chapter 10 423 you a
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References • Chapter 10 425 Table
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Blind SQL Injection Functions: Micr
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References • Chapter 10 429 the S
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Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Hashes Re
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References • Chapter 10 435 If MA
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TYPE oracle_loader DEFAULT DIRECTOR
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References • Chapter 10 441 When
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Table 10.20 Continued. Troubleshoot
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Enumerating Database Configuration
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Local File Access References • Ch
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References • Chapter 10 451 Infor
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■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ Referen
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Troubleshooting SQL Injection Attac
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A abstract syntax tree (AST), 125 a
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Index 461 confirming and terminatin
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Index 463 errors application error,
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Index 465 intercepting filters appl
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Index 467 APEX, 196-197 Oracle inte
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Index 469 mysql_query( ) function,
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Index 471 blind SQL injection funct
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Index 473 transformation functions,
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SQL Injection Attacks and Defense - 2009

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