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40-140 µm. The image of mycorrhizal fungi
in Fig 4E is still an unknown species but is
probably under the genus Glomus because
of its globose shape. Photomicrograph of
Gigaspora albida Cream with pale green tint,
globose to subglobose with an average of 250
µm in size. Intraradical arbuscules and hyphae
consistently stain darkly in roots treated with
trypan blue. Arbuscules produce fine-branches
from a swollen basal hypha (e) that are easiest
to see as tips degrade. Intraradical hyphae
3-8 µm in diameter, with inflated areas up to
10 µm and knob-like projections distributed
along length, usually densely coiled near entry
points.
Gigaspora gigantea has a color of
cream with pale green tint. Its shape is globose
or subglobose. Its size distribution is 200-280
µm. Gigaspora margarita has a color of bright
greenish yellow to bright yellow-green. Its
shape is globose to subglobose and it’s rarely
irregular. Its size distribution is 240-400 µm.
Gigaspora gigantea has a color of white to
cream in many spores and dark yellow in some
generations or some isolates. Its shape is also
globose or subglobose. Its size distribution is
260-400 µm. Gigaspora pellucida has a color
of hyaline/white in most recently formed spores
to yellow-brown in older spores. Its shape
is globose, subglobose or often elliptical or
strongly oblong. It can be observed that it also
exemplify the shape of a “pacman”. Its size
distribution is 120-240 µm.
Diversity Analysis of Vesicular-Arbuscular
Mychorrizal (VAM) Fungi
Diversity study in this research refers to
the systematic observation and analysis of how
many VAM fungi diversely exist in one citrusbased
plantation. The population of collected
mycorrhizal fungi from the soil acquired from
the three different plantations, Kongkong
Valley, Muta Valley and Malabing Valley were
computed by getting the total number of spores
present in every 600 grams of soil.
The soil acquired from Kongkong
Valley showed the most diverse population of
mycorrhizal fungi revealing 11 known species
and 3 unknown species presumed to be of the
genus Glomus, Gigaspora and Scutellospora.
The most abundant species was the Glomus
mosseae having a population of 45/600 grams
of soil.
Only 4 known species were observed
to be present in Malabing Valley and the most
dominant was also the Gigaspora gigantea
which has a population of 15/600 grams of
soil. Some species of mycorrhizal fungi were
observed to be present in two plantations
like Glomus fasiculatum, Glomus etunicatum
and Glomus intradices which were present
in both Muta and Kongkong Plantations.
Meanwhile, four other species were present in
all the three plantations: Acaulospora collosica,
Scutellospora reticulata, Scutellospora pelucida
and Gigaspora gigantea.
Diversity index value in Kongkong
Valley was the highest (0.92) compared to Muta
(0.53) and Malabing Valley (0.26). This would
suggest that higher species of indigenous VAM
fungi exist than in Muta and Malabing Valley.
A high D value suggests a stable and ancient
site, while a low D value could suggest a
polluted site, recent colonization or affected by
agricultural management.
Species richness (S) is simply the
number of species present in a sample,
community, or taxonomic group. Species
richness is one component of the concept of
species diversity, which also incorporates
evenness, that is, the relative abundance of
species. Species richness value was higher
in Kongkong (7.85) which is located in lower
elevation/areas. S value in Muta Valley recorded
with a value of 5.54 while in Malabing Valley
was 2.53. The data shows that existence of
VAM fungi in higher elevation/areas exhibited
with lower count of species. The occurrence of
VAM fungi in citrus plantation as cited by Peng
et al, 1993 was affected by different cultural
management practices in citrus production.
Various management practices were observed
6 Diversity Studies and Utilization of Indigenous Vescular.......