NHMRC Glaucoma Guidelines - ANZGIG

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NHMRC GUIDELINES FOR THE SCREENING, PROGNOSIS, DIAGNOSIS, MANAGEMENT AND PREVENTION OF GLAUCOMA Glossary of terms ■ Glossary of terms Afferent pupillary defect African Anterior chamber Argon laser trabeculoplasty Aqueous humor Biomicroscopy Confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy Confocal scanning laser tomography Cup:disc ratio Excitotoxicity Filtration surgery Fundus photography Genetic mutation Glaucoma A defect of the pupillary reflex characterised by less constriction of both pupils when the affected eye is stimulated by light relative to that occurring when the unaffected eye is stimulated, as with the swinging flashlight test. The defect is also known as the Marcus Gunn pupil. The literature variably refers to the increased risk of glaucoma occurring in people of African descent. This refers to people who trace their ancestry to Africa, whether this be African-Americans, African-Carribbeans, East Africians, Sub-Sarharan Africians or West Africans. The space in the eye, filled with aqueous humor that is bordered anteriorly by the cornea and a small portion of the sclera and posteriorly by a small portion of the ciliary body, the iris, and that portion of the lens which presents through the pupil. Light stimulation of the trabecular meshwork of the angle of the anterior chamber by an argon laser beam to facilitate aqueous humor outflow. The clear, watery fluid that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye. Examination of ocular tissue using a bright focal source of light with a slit of variable width and height and a binocular microscope with variable magnification. The recording of two-dimensional sectional images for the evaluation of ocular tissue, using a confocal laser imaging system displayed digitally in real time. The recording of a series of images along the axial axis of the eye enabling the three-dimensional reconstruction of the topography of the surface of the specific tissue under examination using a confocal laser imaging system. The ratio of the diameter of the area of excavation of the surface of the optic disc to that of the diameter of the optic disc in any given meridian, often either the horizontal or vertical meridian. The stimulation of neurons to death by excessive levels of excitatory neurotransmitters. Surgical procedures (e.g. thermal sclerostomy, posterior or anterior lip sclerectomy, trephination, trabeculectomy) used to create an alternative pathway for the outflow of aqueous humor to lower intraocular pressure. The use of a camera with optics and an illumination system that permits photographing the fundus of the eye. The alteration of DNA sequencing by changes in the genome. Glaucoma describes a group of eye diseases in which there is progressive damage to the optic nerve characterised by specific structural abnormalities of optic nerve head and associated patterns of visual field loss. National Health and Medical Research Council 5
NHMRC GUIDELINES FOR THE SCREENING, PROGNOSIS, DIAGNOSIS, MANAGEMENT AND PREVENTION OF GLAUCOMA Glossary of terms Glaucoma suspect Gonioscopy Health care provider Intraocular pressure Multifactorial inheritance Myocilin Myopia Nerve fibre layer Neuroprotection Neuroretinal rim Nocturnal dip Optic nerve Perimetry Peripapillary area Polygenic Posterior chamber Puncta A person suspected of having glaucoma has some but not all of the criteria required for a glaucoma diagnosis. They may have one or more of the following: suspicious optic disc, optic disc margin haemorrhage, occludable drainage angle, peripheral anterior synechiae or elevated intraocular pressure. A diagnostic procedure to examine the angle of the anterior chamber in which a specialised corneal contact lens and a biomicroscope are used. Any member of the glaucoma team who provides input into the patient’s glaucoma journey. Health care providers involved with glaucoma in Australia may include, but are not limited to, ophthalmologists, general medical practitioners, optometrists, ophthalmic nurses and orthoptists. The pressure within the eye due to the balance between the formation and drainage of the aqueous humor. The determination of phenotype by multiple genetic and environmental factors, each making a small contribution. A protein believed to be associated with primary open angle glaucoma found both extraocular and in the trabecular meshwork, optic nerve, retina, cornea, iris, ciliary body, and sclera. A vision condition in which close objects are seen clearly, but objects farther away appear blurred. The layer of the retina that comprises unmyelinated axons of retinal ganglion cells. The use of pharmacological, genetic alteration, and other means to attenuate a destructive cellular environment thereby protecting neurons from secondary degeneration caused by a variety of primary insults (ischemia/hypoxia, stroke, trauma, degeneration). The tissue between the optic cup and disc margins. The decrease in systemic blood pressure during sleep. The cranial nerve (N II) that carries visual impulses from the retina to the brain. Determination of the extent of the visual field for various types and intensities of stimuli for the purpose of diagnosing and localising disturbances in the visual pathway. Tissue surrounding the optic nerve head. The traits or diseases caused by the impact of many genes, each with a small additive effect on phenotype. The space in the eye delimited by the posterior surface of the iris, the ciliary processes, and the valleys between them, the zonule of Zinn, and the anterior surface of the crystalline lens. It includes the canal of Hanover, the canal of Petit, and the retrolental space of Berger. Puncta are tiny openings along the eyelid margin through which tears drain. 6 National Health and Medical Research Council
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NHMRC Glaucoma Guidelines - ANZGIG

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