The Microcontroller Idea Book - Jan Axelson's Lakeview Research

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Chapter 2 Technologies’ Procomm Plus and the Terminal accessory in Microsoft Windows. At minimum, the software must enable you to do the following: set the baud rate and other communications parameters, serially transmit the characters that you type at the keyboard, and display the characters received at the serial port. Also useful, but not essential, is the ability to upload and download text files from your disk, over the serial link. If you don’t have a favorite communications program, look in shareware catalogs or the file areas of online services or BBS’s, where you can try out the offerings for a small disk-copying or downloading charge. Test Equipment Some basic test equipment will help you monitor, test, and troubleshoot your circuits. Minimum requirements include a multimeter capable of reading volts, ohms, and milliamperes. Just about any basic meter will do for this. A logic probe is convenient, but not essential, for monitoring logic levels and transitions. Best of all, an oscilloscope lets you view the actual waveforms on one or more channels. Knowledge This book assumes that you have a basic knowledge of electronic circuits, including digital logic. It does not assume that you know a lot about computer programming and computer circuits. Appendix A lists some books that cover the basics, if you want to review or learn these. Appendix C is a review of hexadecimal, binary, and decimal number systems. The 8051 Family At the core of the 8052-BASIC is an 8052 microcontroller, a member of the 8051 microcontroller family. Intel Corporation introduced the 8051 in 1980. Since that time, 8051-family chips have been used as the base of thousands of products. Many other companies, including Philips, Siemens, Dallas Semiconductor, OKI, Fujitsu, and Harris- Matra now also make 8051-family chips. Some companies have expanded the 8051 family by offering compatible chips with additional features. Table 2-1 summarizes the differences among popular 8051-family chips. The 8052 is an enhanced 8051, with an extra timer and more RAM and ROM. The 8031 and 8032 are identical to the 8051 and 8052, except that the ROM area is unused, and program code must be stored in an external EPROM or other memory chip. The 8052, like other 8051-family chips, is available in NMOS and CMOS versions. Figure 2-2 shows the pinout of the 8052 and 8052-BASIC, and Table 2-2 describes the pin functions. 16 The Microcontroller Idea Book
Inside the 8052-BASIC Figure 2-2 Pin functions of the 8052 and 8052-BASIC microcontrollers. Elements of the 8052 and 8052-BASIC These are the major elements of the 8052, plus the enhancements included in the 8052-BA- SIC: CPU The CPU, or central processing unit, executes program instructions. Types of instructions include arithmetic (addition, subtraction), logic (AND, OR, NOT), data transfer (move), and program branching (jump) operations. An external crystal provides a timing reference for clocking the CPU. ROM ROM (read-only memory) is the read-only memory that is programmed into the chip in the manufacturing process. In the 8052-BASIC, the ROM contains the BASIC-52 interpreter program that the 8052 executes on boot-up. As far as the hardware is concerned, this is the only difference between the ordinary 8052 and the 8052-BASIC. The Microcontroller Idea Book 17
Page 1 and 2: The Microcontroller Idea Book Circu
Page 3 and 4: Table of Contents Chapter 1 Microco
Page 5 and 6: Chapter 11 Control Circuits 185 Swi
Page 7 and 8: Introduction Introduction This book
Page 9 and 10: A chapter on assembly-language inte
Page 11 and 12: Microcontroller Basics 1 Microcontr
Page 13 and 14: But along with cheap, powerful, and
Page 15 and 16: makes sense. For simpler designs, a
Page 17 and 18: Microcontroller Basics Several tech
Page 19 and 20: Interpreters and compilers are two
Page 21 and 22: Inside the 8052-BASIC 2 Inside the
Page 23 and 24: Inside the 8052-BASIC • You can a
Page 25: hardware manuals. For programming,
Page 29 and 30: Inside the 8052-BASIC Table 2-2. (p
Page 31 and 32: Inside the 8052-BASIC Code and data
Page 33 and 34: Powering Up 3 Powering Up This chap
Page 35 and 36: Powering Up Table 3-1. Parts list f
Page 37 and 38: Powering Up Figure 3-2. Truth table
Page 39 and 40: Powering Up Jumper J3 chooses the c
Page 41 and 42: Powering Up Figure 3-3. This is the
Page 43 and 44: Powering Up Construction Tips These
Page 45 and 46: Powering Up Serial Connectors Conne
Page 47 and 48: You’re now ready to power up the
Page 49 and 50: Powering Up PRINT XTAL Line Editing
Page 51 and 52: Powering Up PORT 1 Bit Values: Bit
Page 53 and 54: Powering Up Listing 3-3. Allows use
Page 55 and 56: 10 CLOCK 1:TIME=0:SEC=0 20 A=0 30 P
Page 57 and 58: Saving Programs 4 Saving Programs I
Page 59 and 60: guaranteed for at least ten years.
Page 61 and 62: Saving Programs Figure 4-3. Circuit
Page 63 and 64: Jumper J4 is optional. It enables y
Page 65 and 66: memory on bootup. This is what allo
Page 67 and 68: This is the recommended algorithm f
Page 69 and 70: Saving Programs Figure 4-5. Additio
Page 71 and 72: problems with EPROMs that have a 10
Page 73 and 74: supply. The chip requires an additi
Page 75 and 76: Programming 5 Programming When you
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Subroutines have two advantages. Fi
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Programming • Hexadecimal numbers
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Programming It can be hard to find
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Programming Math Operators = + - *
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Programming expression / expression
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Programming DO: [program statements
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Programming LOG(expression) Returns
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Programming PH0.@ Same as PRINT@, b
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Programming RCAP2 Retrieves or assi
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Programming PRINT TAB(2) “hello
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Inputs and Outputs 6 Inputs and Out
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Unassigned space remains in the mem
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U11 is a 74HCT138 3-to-8-line decod
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If you wish, you can wire U14’s i
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Inputs and Outputs Figure 6-4. Outp
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Inputs and Outputs Listing 6-2. Set
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The 82C55 also has CMOS-compatible
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Inputs and Outputs Pin Symbol Input
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Inputs and Outputs An 8255 Interfac
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Inputs and Outputs XBY(0FC03h)=9BH
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To set or clear a different bit, de
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Switches and Keypads 7 Switches and
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Switches and Keypads Figure 7-2. Us
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exact value depending on the switch
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Switches and Keypads Figure 7-4. Tw
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Switches and Keypads Figure 7-6. A
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Switches and Keypads Custom Keypads
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Switches and Keypads • A single c
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Switches and Keypads Listing 7-3. T
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Displays 8 Displays In addition to
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Displays Figure 8-1. LED interfaces
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Displays Figure 8-2. Ways to connec
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Displays Figure 8-4. Four output po
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Displays Figure 8-5. The ICM7218D c
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In Figure 8-5’s circuit, an 82(C)
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Displays Figure 8-7. With the TC721
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Displays Figure 8-8. With a charact
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Table 8-1. LCD modules containing t
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Each character in the CG ROM and CG
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Displays Interfacing Full control o
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Displays Listing 8-4 (page 2 0f 2).
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Displays Listing 8-5. Displays key
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Displays Listing 8-6 (page 2 of 2).
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Using Sensors to Detect and Measure
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• What power supplies are availab
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different ground symbols for the tw
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10 REM use single-ended mode 20 REM
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Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
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Clocks and Calendars 10 Clocks and
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Listing 10-1. Uses BASIC-52’s rea
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Clocks and Calendars Figure 10-1. P
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Clocks and Calendars Table 10-1. Re
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If you want an alarm frequency othe
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Clocks and Calendars Listing 10-3 (
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Clocks and Calendars Listing 10-3 (
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Control Circuits 11 Control Circuit
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the LSTTL part, and wire the desire
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Control Circuits Listing 11-1. Cont
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Control Circuits Listing 11-2. Demo
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Control Circuits disables the outpu
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Wireless Links 12 Wireless Links Wi
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Wireless Links Figure 12-2. This in
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Wireless Links Because there are th
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Wireless Links Figure 12-4. The GP1
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through the LEDs. If you prefer an
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Wireless Links Figure 12-6. Using a
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Wireless Links Figure 12-7. Using a
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Wireless Links IREDs emit energy at
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In the infrared link, the amount of
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Calling Assembly-language Routines
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into memory in the 8052-BASIC syste
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2048h in code memory. This is becau
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Binary value 1100 0101 Hex equivale
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Successful assembly is a good sign,
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statement must match the address in
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• BASIC-52’s ON EX1 instruction
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Running BASIC-52 from External Memo
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14-1 for longer delays between writ
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In Figure 3-1, tie pin 31 of U2 (EA
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Related Products 15 Related Product
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Finally, a compiled BASIC program u
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Related Products Figure 15-3. Blue
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Sources Appendix A Sources This App
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Programming and Interfacing the 805
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Sources Product Vendors The followi
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Sources Electronics 123 17921 Rowla
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Sources Micro Future 40944 Cascado
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Sources Siemens Components 2191 Lau
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Programs for Loading Files Appendix
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Programs for Loading Files Listing
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Number Systems Appendix C Number Sy
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Number Systems This table shows the
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Index Index A ADC, 158 - 169 addres
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Index S sample and hold, 169 SBC, 3
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