The Microcontroller Idea Book - Jan Axelson's Lakeview Research

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Introduction What’s Inside? This is not just a textbook that presents information but glosses over the details of how to apply it. Inside, you’ll find practical information, including the following: • Complete circuit schematics and parts lists—so you can easily build the circuits yourself. • Design theory—for example, why use this particular component? or how can I expand or modify the circuit shown? • Example program listings—for easy testing and use of the circuits. • Construction and debugging tips—to help you get the circuits up and running without problems. The appendices include a complete list of sources to help you find the components and additional information you need for your projects. Because microcontroller projects involve both circuit design and programming, I cover both the hardware and software aspects. The book begins with an introduction to microcontrollers, and to the 8052-BASIC chip in particular. Next are basic circuits to get you started programming and interfacing to the chip, along with the reasons behind the component and design choices, and construction details for prototyping. To the basic circuits, I show how to add switches, keypads, displays, and other input/output interfaces. A programming reference describes each of BASIC-52’s keywords, with specific tips for trouble-free programming in BASIC-52. You’ll also find out how to add these to your system: • Sensors, for detecting detect and measuring physical properties. • Clock/calendar functions, for keeping track of seconds, minutes, hours, days, months, and years, and to trigger alarms at particular times. • Control of AC power, switch matrices, stepper and continuous motors, and gain of an op amp. • Programmable wireless links, for situations where stringing wires isn’t practical or convenient. viii
A chapter on assembly-language interfacing shows how to add assembly-language programs for faster program execution, how to add your own commands the BASIC-52 programming language, and how to use the 8052-BASIC as a development system for an all-assemblylanguage project. The final chapters cover other options for 8052-BASIC systems, including how to store BASIC-52 in external memory rather than in the 8052’s internal ROM, and a review of related products, including BASIC compilers, 8052-BASIC circuit boards, and development software for more convenient and possibly cheaper project development. Your Feedback Is Welcome This book is the result of requests from readers of my articles in ComputerCraft magazine and its successor, The MicroComputer Journal. I’ve expanded the coverage of several topics, including programming of EPROMs and other devices, display options, sensors, and programming tips. Thanks to everyone who responded to my articles with comments, questions, criticisms, and suggestions, and who, in doing so, helped to make this book as useful as it can be. As always, I welcome your comments on this work. Jan Axelson 10-94 Introduction ix
Page 1 and 2: The Microcontroller Idea Book Circu
Page 3 and 4: Table of Contents Chapter 1 Microco
Page 5 and 6: Chapter 11 Control Circuits 185 Swi
Page 7: Introduction Introduction This book
Page 11 and 12: Microcontroller Basics 1 Microcontr
Page 13 and 14: But along with cheap, powerful, and
Page 15 and 16: makes sense. For simpler designs, a
Page 17 and 18: Microcontroller Basics Several tech
Page 19 and 20: Interpreters and compilers are two
Page 21 and 22: Inside the 8052-BASIC 2 Inside the
Page 23 and 24: Inside the 8052-BASIC • You can a
Page 25 and 26: hardware manuals. For programming,
Page 27 and 28: Inside the 8052-BASIC Figure 2-2 Pi
Page 29 and 30: Inside the 8052-BASIC Table 2-2. (p
Page 31 and 32: Inside the 8052-BASIC Code and data
Page 33 and 34: Powering Up 3 Powering Up This chap
Page 35 and 36: Powering Up Table 3-1. Parts list f
Page 37 and 38: Powering Up Figure 3-2. Truth table
Page 39 and 40: Powering Up Jumper J3 chooses the c
Page 41 and 42: Powering Up Figure 3-3. This is the
Page 43 and 44: Powering Up Construction Tips These
Page 45 and 46: Powering Up Serial Connectors Conne
Page 47 and 48: You’re now ready to power up the
Page 49 and 50: Powering Up PRINT XTAL Line Editing
Page 51 and 52: Powering Up PORT 1 Bit Values: Bit
Page 53 and 54: Powering Up Listing 3-3. Allows use
Page 55 and 56: 10 CLOCK 1:TIME=0:SEC=0 20 A=0 30 P
Page 57 and 58: Saving Programs 4 Saving Programs I
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guaranteed for at least ten years.
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Saving Programs Figure 4-3. Circuit
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Jumper J4 is optional. It enables y
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memory on bootup. This is what allo
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This is the recommended algorithm f
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Saving Programs Figure 4-5. Additio
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problems with EPROMs that have a 10
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supply. The chip requires an additi
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Programming 5 Programming When you
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Subroutines have two advantages. Fi
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Programming • Hexadecimal numbers
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Programming It can be hard to find
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Programming Math Operators = + - *
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Programming expression / expression
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Programming DO: [program statements
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Programming LOG(expression) Returns
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Programming PH0.@ Same as PRINT@, b
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Programming RCAP2 Retrieves or assi
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Programming PRINT TAB(2) “hello
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Inputs and Outputs 6 Inputs and Out
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Unassigned space remains in the mem
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U11 is a 74HCT138 3-to-8-line decod
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If you wish, you can wire U14’s i
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Inputs and Outputs Figure 6-4. Outp
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Inputs and Outputs Listing 6-2. Set
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The 82C55 also has CMOS-compatible
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Inputs and Outputs Pin Symbol Input
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Inputs and Outputs An 8255 Interfac
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Inputs and Outputs XBY(0FC03h)=9BH
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To set or clear a different bit, de
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Switches and Keypads 7 Switches and
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Switches and Keypads Figure 7-2. Us
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exact value depending on the switch
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Switches and Keypads Figure 7-4. Tw
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Switches and Keypads Figure 7-6. A
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Switches and Keypads Custom Keypads
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Switches and Keypads • A single c
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Switches and Keypads Listing 7-3. T
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Displays 8 Displays In addition to
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Displays Figure 8-1. LED interfaces
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Displays Figure 8-2. Ways to connec
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Displays Figure 8-4. Four output po
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Displays Figure 8-5. The ICM7218D c
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In Figure 8-5’s circuit, an 82(C)
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Displays Figure 8-7. With the TC721
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Displays Figure 8-8. With a charact
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Table 8-1. LCD modules containing t
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Each character in the CG ROM and CG
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Displays Interfacing Full control o
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Displays Listing 8-4 (page 2 0f 2).
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Displays Listing 8-5. Displays key
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Displays Listing 8-6 (page 2 of 2).
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Using Sensors to Detect and Measure
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• What power supplies are availab
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different ground symbols for the tw
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10 REM use single-ended mode 20 REM
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Clocks and Calendars 10 Clocks and
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Listing 10-1. Uses BASIC-52’s rea
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Clocks and Calendars Figure 10-1. P
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Clocks and Calendars Table 10-1. Re
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If you want an alarm frequency othe
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Clocks and Calendars Listing 10-3 (
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Clocks and Calendars Listing 10-3 (
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Control Circuits 11 Control Circuit
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the LSTTL part, and wire the desire
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Control Circuits Listing 11-1. Cont
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Control Circuits Listing 11-2. Demo
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Control Circuits disables the outpu
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Wireless Links 12 Wireless Links Wi
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Wireless Links Figure 12-2. This in
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Wireless Links Because there are th
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Wireless Links Figure 12-4. The GP1
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through the LEDs. If you prefer an
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Wireless Links Figure 12-6. Using a
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Wireless Links Figure 12-7. Using a
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Wireless Links IREDs emit energy at
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In the infrared link, the amount of
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Calling Assembly-language Routines
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into memory in the 8052-BASIC syste
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2048h in code memory. This is becau
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Binary value 1100 0101 Hex equivale
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Successful assembly is a good sign,
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statement must match the address in
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• BASIC-52’s ON EX1 instruction
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Running BASIC-52 from External Memo
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14-1 for longer delays between writ
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In Figure 3-1, tie pin 31 of U2 (EA
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Related Products 15 Related Product
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Finally, a compiled BASIC program u
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Related Products Figure 15-3. Blue
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Sources Appendix A Sources This App
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Programming and Interfacing the 805
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Sources Product Vendors The followi
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Sources Electronics 123 17921 Rowla
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Sources Micro Future 40944 Cascado
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Sources Siemens Components 2191 Lau
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Programs for Loading Files Appendix
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Programs for Loading Files Listing
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Number Systems Appendix C Number Sy
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Number Systems This table shows the
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Index Index A ADC, 158 - 169 addres
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Index S sample and hold, 169 SBC, 3
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