The Microcontroller Idea Book - Jan Axelson's Lakeview Research

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Appendix C This table shows the value of each digit in the decimal number 193: Decimal digit 1 9 3 Digit multiplier 10 2 10 1 10 0 Digit value 100 90 3 Binary Numbers In the binary number system, each digit represents a value raised to a power of 2. The numbers use only two of the ten decimal digits (0 and 1). Binary representations are useful when you need to quickly see the value of each bit in a byte. For example, you might want to set, clear, toggle, or read a bit in one of the 8052’s special function registers (TCON, PCON, and so on). Or, in a control circuit, individual bits might control switches or relays. BASIC-52’s logical operators offer a way to control and display individual bit values. This table shows the value of each digit in 1100 0001, which is the binary representation of the decimal number 193: Binary bit 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Bit multiplier 2 7 2 6 2 5 2 4 2 3 2 2 2 1 2 0 Bit value (decimal) 128 64 0 0 0 0 0 1 Hexadecimal Numbers In the hexadecimal (or hex) number system, each character represents a value raised to a power of 16. There are 16 characters, with the letters A through F representing the decimal values 10 through 15. Because each character in a hex number represents 4 bits, hex numbers are a convenient, compact way to express 8-bit or 16-bit numbers. In BASIC-52, you enter hex values at the host system’s keyboard by adding a trailing h to the number. (Example: 1Fh.) If the first character is in the range A-F, you must also add a leading 0. (Example: 0E9h.) BASIC-52’s PH0. and PH1. operators display numbers in hex format on the host computer’s screen. 272 The Microcontroller Idea Book
Number Systems This table shows the value of each character in C1h, which is the hexadecimal representation of the decimal number 193: Hex character C 1 Character multiplier 16 1 16 0 Character value (decimal) 192 1 Binary-coded Decimal Numbers Binary-coded decimal, or BCD, is yet another way of expressing numbers. It allows easy translation of binary bits to decimal values. Chapter 10 has more on this number system. Kilobytes and Megabytes Two other popular terms for dealing with quantities in the computer world are kilobyte and Megabyte. In the metric system of measurement, kilo means 1000, but in the computer world, it commonly refers to 1024 (2 10 , or 400h in hexadecimal). So, an 8-kilobyte RAM chip actually stores 8192 bytes, not 8000. “K” is short for kilobyte: 8K equals 8 kilobytes. In an similar way, in the metric system, Mega means a million, but in the computer world, it commonly refers to 1,048,576 (2 20 , or 1000h in hexadecimal). One Megabyte equals 1024 kilobytes. “M” is short for Megabyte: 8M equals 8 Megabytes. The Microcontroller Idea Book 273
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The Microcontroller Idea Book Circu
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Table of Contents Chapter 1 Microco
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Chapter 11 Control Circuits 185 Swi
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Introduction Introduction This book
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A chapter on assembly-language inte
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Microcontroller Basics 1 Microcontr
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But along with cheap, powerful, and
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makes sense. For simpler designs, a
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Microcontroller Basics Several tech
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Interpreters and compilers are two
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Inside the 8052-BASIC 2 Inside the
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Inside the 8052-BASIC • You can a
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hardware manuals. For programming,
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Inside the 8052-BASIC Figure 2-2 Pi
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Inside the 8052-BASIC Table 2-2. (p
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Inside the 8052-BASIC Code and data
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Powering Up 3 Powering Up This chap
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Powering Up Table 3-1. Parts list f
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Powering Up Figure 3-2. Truth table
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Powering Up Jumper J3 chooses the c
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Powering Up Figure 3-3. This is the
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Powering Up Construction Tips These
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Powering Up Serial Connectors Conne
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You’re now ready to power up the
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Powering Up PRINT XTAL Line Editing
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Powering Up PORT 1 Bit Values: Bit
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Powering Up Listing 3-3. Allows use
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10 CLOCK 1:TIME=0:SEC=0 20 A=0 30 P
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Saving Programs 4 Saving Programs I
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guaranteed for at least ten years.
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Saving Programs Figure 4-3. Circuit
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Jumper J4 is optional. It enables y
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memory on bootup. This is what allo
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This is the recommended algorithm f
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Saving Programs Figure 4-5. Additio
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problems with EPROMs that have a 10
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supply. The chip requires an additi
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Programming 5 Programming When you
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Subroutines have two advantages. Fi
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Programming • Hexadecimal numbers
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Programming It can be hard to find
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Programming Math Operators = + - *
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Programming expression / expression
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Programming DO: [program statements
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Programming LOG(expression) Returns
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Programming PH0.@ Same as PRINT@, b
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Programming RCAP2 Retrieves or assi
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Programming PRINT TAB(2) “hello
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Inputs and Outputs 6 Inputs and Out
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Unassigned space remains in the mem
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U11 is a 74HCT138 3-to-8-line decod
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If you wish, you can wire U14’s i
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Inputs and Outputs Figure 6-4. Outp
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Inputs and Outputs Listing 6-2. Set
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The 82C55 also has CMOS-compatible
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Inputs and Outputs Pin Symbol Input
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Inputs and Outputs An 8255 Interfac
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Inputs and Outputs XBY(0FC03h)=9BH
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To set or clear a different bit, de
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Switches and Keypads 7 Switches and
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Switches and Keypads Figure 7-2. Us
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exact value depending on the switch
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Switches and Keypads Figure 7-4. Tw
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Switches and Keypads Figure 7-6. A
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Switches and Keypads Custom Keypads
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Switches and Keypads • A single c
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Switches and Keypads Listing 7-3. T
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Displays 8 Displays In addition to
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Displays Figure 8-1. LED interfaces
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Displays Figure 8-2. Ways to connec
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Displays Figure 8-4. Four output po
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Displays Figure 8-5. The ICM7218D c
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In Figure 8-5’s circuit, an 82(C)
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Displays Figure 8-7. With the TC721
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Displays Figure 8-8. With a charact
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Table 8-1. LCD modules containing t
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Each character in the CG ROM and CG
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Displays Interfacing Full control o
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Displays Listing 8-4 (page 2 0f 2).
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Displays Listing 8-5. Displays key
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Displays Listing 8-6 (page 2 of 2).
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Using Sensors to Detect and Measure
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• What power supplies are availab
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different ground symbols for the tw
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10 REM use single-ended mode 20 REM
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Clocks and Calendars 10 Clocks and
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Listing 10-1. Uses BASIC-52’s rea
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Clocks and Calendars Figure 10-1. P
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Clocks and Calendars Table 10-1. Re
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If you want an alarm frequency othe
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Clocks and Calendars Listing 10-3 (
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Clocks and Calendars Listing 10-3 (
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Control Circuits 11 Control Circuit
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the LSTTL part, and wire the desire
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Control Circuits Listing 11-1. Cont
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Control Circuits Listing 11-2. Demo
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Control Circuits disables the outpu
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Wireless Links 12 Wireless Links Wi
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Wireless Links Figure 12-2. This in
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Wireless Links Because there are th
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Wireless Links Figure 12-4. The GP1
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through the LEDs. If you prefer an
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Wireless Links Figure 12-6. Using a
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Wireless Links Figure 12-7. Using a
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Wireless Links IREDs emit energy at
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In the infrared link, the amount of
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Calling Assembly-language Routines
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into memory in the 8052-BASIC syste
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Page 235 and 236: Successful assembly is a good sign,
Page 237 and 238: statement must match the address in
Page 239 and 240: Calling Assembly-language Routines
Page 243 and 244: • BASIC-52’s ON EX1 instruction
Page 249 and 250: Running BASIC-52 from External Memo
Page 251 and 252: 14-1 for longer delays between writ
Page 253 and 254: In Figure 3-1, tie pin 31 of U2 (EA
Page 255 and 256: Related Products 15 Related Product
Page 257 and 258: Finally, a compiled BASIC program u
Page 259 and 260: Related Products Figure 15-3. Blue
Page 261 and 262: Sources Appendix A Sources This App
Page 263 and 264: Programming and Interfacing the 805
Page 265 and 266: Sources Product Vendors The followi
Page 267 and 268: Sources Electronics 123 17921 Rowla
Page 269 and 270: Sources Micro Future 40944 Cascado
Page 271 and 272: Sources Siemens Components 2191 Lau
Page 273 and 274: Programs for Loading Files Appendix
Page 275 and 276: Programs for Loading Files Listing
Page 281: Number Systems Appendix C Number Sy
Page 285 and 286: Index Index A ADC, 158 - 169 addres
Page 287 and 288: Index S sample and hold, 169 SBC, 3
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The Microcontroller Idea Book - Jan Axelson's Lakeview Research

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