Locomotive Emissions Monitoring Program - Railway Association of ...

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Table of Contents i Executive Summary vi Glossary of Terms xi Conversion Factors Related to Railway Emissions xii Abbreviations and Acronyms Used in the Report 1 1 Introduction 2 1.1 Audit of the LEM Reporting Process 2 1.2 Findings of the Audit 2 1.2.1 Nonconformities 3 1.3 Opportunities for Improvement 4 1.4 Audit Conclusion 4 1.5 Corrective Actions Undertaken 5 2 Traffic and Fuel Consumption Data 5 2.1 Freight Traffic Handled 6 2.1.1 Freight Carloads by Commodity Grouping 6 2.1.2 Class I Intermodal Service 7 2.2 Passenger Traffic Handled 7 2.2.1 VIA Rail Canada 8 2.2.2 Commuter Rail 8 2.2.3 Tourist and Excursion Services 8 2.3 Fuel Consumption 9 2.3.1 Freight Operations 10 2.3.2 Passenger Services 11 3 2008 Locomotive Inventory 11 3.1 Locomotives Compliant with U.S. EPA Emissions Limits 13 4 Diesel Fuel Properties 14 5 Locomotive Emissions 14 5.1 Emissions Factors 16 5.2 Locomotive Duty Cycle 17 5.3 Emissions Generated 17 5.3.1 Greenhouse Gases (GHG) 21 5.3.2 Criteria Air Contaminants (CAC) 23 6 Fuel Consumption and Emissions in Tropospheric Ozone Management Areas 23 6.1 Data Derivation 23 6.2 Seasonal Data xiv LEM 2008
27 7 Emissions Reduction Initiatives 27 7.1 RAC Awareness Generation Actions 27 7.2 Equipment-related Initiatives 27 7.2.1 Locomotive Fleet Renewal 28 7.2.2 Tier 2 Engine Retrofits 28 7.2.3 Fleet Upgrading and Maintenance 28 7.2.4 Low Idle 28 7.2.5 Engine Anti-Idling Systems 29 7.2.6 Low and Ultra-Low Sulphur Diesel Fuel 29 7.2.7 Freight Car Technology Improvements 29 7.2.8 Longer Trains 29 7.2.9 Remote Power 30 7.2.10 Intercity Passenger Train Equipment Initiatives 30 7.2.11 Passenger Train Layover Systems 30 7.2.12 Commuter Rail Equipment Modifications 30 7.2.13 Fuel Additives 30 7.2.14 Alternate Fuels 31 7.3 Operations-related Initiatives 31 7.3.1 Crew Training and Incentives 31 7.3.2 Manual Shut-down of Locomotive Engines 31 7.3.3 Consolidation of Cars with Similar Destination into Blocks 31 7.3.4 Train Pacing and Braking Strategies 31 7.3.5 Commuter Train Coach Door Management 32 7.4 Infrastructure-related Initiatives 32 7.4.1 Improved Track Structures 32 7.4.2 Rail Lubrication 32 7.4.3 Top of Rail Friction Control 33 7.4.4 Co-Production 33 7.5 Monitoring and Evaluation of Technological Developments 33 7.5.1 Government Programs 33 7.5.2 Monitoring Emissions Reduction Technologies under Development 35 8 Summary and Conclusions xv LEM 2008
Page 1 and 2: Locomotive Emissions Monitoring Pro
Page 3 and 4: Executive Summary The Locomotive Em
Page 5 and 6: Photo: Courtesy of CN Fuel Consumpt
Page 7 and 8: operation of longer trains in 2008.
Page 9 and 10: Locomotive Utilization Profile: Thi
Page 11 and 12: Terminology Related to Locomotive E
Page 13 and 14: Conversion Factors Related to Railw
Page 15: Abbreviations used in Railway Opera
Page 19 and 20: 1 Introduction This report contains
Page 21 and 22: Subsequently, the definitions, for
Page 23 and 24: 2 Traffic and Fuel Consumption Data
Page 25 and 26: 2.2 Passenger Traffic Handled 2.2.1
Page 27 and 28: 2.3.1 Freight Operations Fuel consu
Page 29 and 30: 3 2008 Locomotive Inventory The act
Page 31 and 32: 4 Diesel Fuel Properties The RAC su
Page 33 and 34: Table 7 also shows that the EF used
Page 35 and 36: 5.3 Emissions Generated 5.3.1 Green
Page 37 and 38: Figure 10 Total Railway GHG Emissio
Page 39 and 40: Figure 15 Commuter Rail GHG Emissio
Page 41 and 42: 6 Fuel Consumption and Emissions in
Page 43 and 44: Table 15 TOMA No. 2 - Windsor - Que
Page 45 and 46: 7 Emissions Reductions Initiatives
Page 47 and 48: 7.2.6 Low and Ultra-Low Sulphur Die
Page 49 and 50: 7.3 Operations-related Initiatives
Page 51 and 52: 7.4.4 Co-production Co-production i
Page 53 and 54: 8 Summary and Conclusions The econo
Page 55 and 56: Notice of Clarification The metrics
Page 57 and 58: 3.2 CAC Commitments by the Major Ra
Page 59 and 60: 6.0 Management of the Memorandum 6.
Page 61 and 62: Annex 1 RAC MEMBER COMPANIES Novemb
Page 63 and 64: 2) The emissions data for the TOMAs
Page 65 and 66: Annex 4 Greenhouse Gases The greenh
Page 67 and 68:
Appendix B-1 Locomotive Fleet 2008
Page 69 and 70:
Appendix B-2 Locomotive Fleet 2008
Page 71 and 72:
Appendix C Railway Lines Included i
Page 73 and 74:
Appendix E-1 Locomotive GHG Emissio
Page 75 and 76:
Appendix F RAC Member Railways in 2
Page 77 and 78:
Appendix G Railway Association of C
Page 79:
OFI-04 Recommendation: RAC to inter
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