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248 A. Lillehammer streams are to a large extent rendered invalid. The northern areas Kautokeino, Pasvik and Alta support the highest number of northeastern species, and the lowland areas in southern Norway the lowest. The most continental areas in southern Norway contain the highest number of north-eastern species, and the coastal areas of Rogaland and Oslofjord the lowest. Generally, distribution of Norwegian stoneflies seems to be connected with major factors such as differences in climate, vegetation region and historical immigration. Mo~ locally, distribution seems to be associated with factors such as the amount of deciduous vegetation in the vicinity of the watercourse, the amount of allochthonous organic matter, and substratum and temperature. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am grateful to Dr. John Brittain, Cand. real. P. Larsson, Dr. L. Semme and Professor R. Vik for criticism of the manuscript. I am indebted to 1. Lund, R. Mostad, F. Smedstad and E. Vastaberg for technical assistance. I am much obliged to the following persons who helped with collecting material or loaned me material: Chr. Handersen, R. Borgstrem, R. Dahlby, J. Eie, B. Faafeng, L. Greve, J. Holmlund, K. Heiby, B. Kinded.s, A. Klemmetsen, B. Kvitvcer, P. Larsson, L. Lien, M. Lillehammer, R. Mehl, 1. Munitz, ]. Pedersen, ]. Raastad, ]. Solem, G. Tveit, H. Walden, G. Westereng and F. Aarefjord. My sincere appreciation is also extended to the following for loan of material: Dr. A. Leken, Zoological Museum, University of Bergen; J Andersen, Tromse Museum, Tromse; ]. Solem, The Royal Norwegian Society of Science and Letters, The Museum, Trondheim. The investigation was financed by the Norwegian Research Council for Science and the Humanities. REFERENCES Albrecht, M. L. & Bursche, E.-M. 1957. Fischereibiologische Untersuchungen an Fliessgewiisser. r. Physiographisch-biologische Studien an der Polenz. Z. Fisch. N. F. 6, 209-240. Allen, K. R. 1959. The distribution of stream fauna. Proc. N. Z. ecol. Soc. 6, 5-8. Badcock, R. M. 1953. Comparative studies in the populations of streams. Rep. Inst. Freshwat. Res. Drottningholm 35, 1954, 38-50. Bagge, P. 1965. Observations on some mayfly and stonefly nymphs (Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera) in Utsjoki, Finnish Lappland. Ann. ent. fenn. 31, 102-108. Bagge, P. 1968. Ecological studies of the fauna of subarctic waters in Finnish Lappland. Ann. Univ. T urku A, 40, 28-79. Baumann, R. W. 1970. The Genus Nemoura of the Rocky Mountains. Ph. D. Thesis, 172 pp. Univ. Utah. Ann Arbor. Baumann, R. W. & Gaufin, A. R. 1970. The stoneflies (Plecoptera) of Wasatch Mountains, Utah. Proc. Utah A cad. Sci. 66, 106-113. Berg, K. 1948. Biological studies on the River Susaa. Fol. limnol. scand. 4, 1-318. BertheIemy, C. 1964. La zonation des Plecopteres et des Coleopteres dans les cours d'eau des Pyrenes. Gewiiss. Abwiiss., 34/35 (Verh. 3. int. Symp. Plecopteren). Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. T oulouse 99, 525-528. Berthelemy, C. 1966. Recherches ecologiques et biogeographiques sur les Plecopteres et Coleopteres d'eau (Hydraena et Elnimthidae) des Pyrenes. Annls Limnol. 2, 227-458. Beym;n, A. 1970. Some Physical and Chemical Properties of lakes in northeastern Norway. Schw. Z. Hydrol. 32, 300-227. Brekke, R. 1941. The Norwegian stoneflies, Plecoptera. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 6, 1-24. Brekke, R. 1965. Bidrag til kunnskapen om Norges degn-, sten- og varfluer (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera). Norsk ent. 7idsskr. 13, 11-15. Brinck, P. 1949. Studies on Swedish stonefIies (Plecoptera). O/1usc. ent. Suppl. 11, 1-250. Brinck, P. 1958. On some stoneflies recorded from Novaya Zemlya. Avh. Norske Vidensk Akad. Oslo. I mat.-nat. KI. 1958, nr. 2, 1-11. Brinck, P. & Froehlich, C. G. 1960. On the stonefly fauna of western Lule Lappland, Swedish Lappland. K. fysiogr. Siillsk. Lund Forh. 30 (I), 1-19. Brinck, P. & Wingstrand, K. G. 1949. The mountain fauna of the Virihaure area in Swedish Lappland. 1. General account. Lunds Univ. Arsskr. N. F. Avd. 2, 45 (2), 1-70. Brinck, P. & Wingstrand, K. G. 1951. The mountain fauna of the Virihaure area in Swedish Lappland. 11. Special account. Lunds Univ. Arsskr. N. F. Avd. 2,46 (2), 1-173. Brittain, J. 1974. Studies on the lentic Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera of southern Norway. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 21, 135-153. Dodds, G. S. & Hisaw, F. L. 1925. Ecological studies on aquatic insects IV. Altitudinal range and zonation of mayflies, stoneflies and caddis flies in the Colorado Rockies. Ecology 6, 380 390. Elgmork, K. & S
Norwegian stoneflies II 249 Bidrag til en fortegnelse over arctisk N orges Neuropterfauna. TromsfJ Mus. Arsh. 31, 140-145. Frost, S., Huni, A. & Kershaw, W. E. 1971. Evaluation of a kicking technique for sampling stream bottom fauna. Can. j. Zool. 49, 167-173. Gja:revold, O. 1973. Plantegeografi. 186 pp. Universitetsforlaget, Oslo. Hynes, H. B. N. 1941. The taxonomy and ecology of the nymphs of British Plecoptera with notes on the adults and eggs. Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 91,459--557. Hynes, H. B. N. 1961. The invertebrate fauna of a Welsh mountain stream. Arch. Hydrobiol. 57, 344-488. Hynes, H. B. N. 1967. A key to the adults and nymphs of the British stoneflies (Plecoptera) with notes on their ecology and distribution. Scient. PubIs Freshwat. bioI. Ass. 17, 1-90. Hynes, H. B. N. 1970. The Ecology of Running Waters. Liverpool univ. press. Hynes, H. B. N. 1971. Zonation of the invertebrate fauna in a west Indian stream. Hydrobiologia 38, 1-8. Holtedal, O. 1960. Quaternary. General and some areal descriptions. Norg. geol. Unders. 208, 358 431. Ikomonov, P. 1973. Distribution saisonaire des Plecopteres (Insectes) dans les eaux de la Montague char. Godisen Zb. Skopje BioI. 25, 11-39. Illies, J. 1952a. Die Molle. Faunistisch-okologische Untersuchungen an einem Forellenbach im Lipper Bergland. Arch Hydrobiol. 46, 424-612. Illies, J. 1952b. Die europiiischen Artendder Plecopterengattung Isoperla Banks (= Chloroperla Pictet). Beitr. Ent. 2, 369-424. Illies, J. 1952c. Isoptena serricornis Pict. (Plecoptera) neu fiir Schweden. Ent. Tidsskr. 74, 86-93. Illies, J. 1953a. Die Besiedlung der Fulda (insbes. das Benthos der Salmomidenregion) nach den jetsigen Stande der Untersuchung. Ber. limnol. Flusstn Freudenthal 5, 1-28. Illies, J. 1953b. Beitrag zur Verbreitungsgeschichte der europiiischen Plecopteren. Arch Hydrobiol. 48, 35-74. Illies, J. 1955. Die Bedeutung der Plecopteren fiir die Verbreitungsgeschichte der Siisswasserorganismen. Verh. into Verein theor. angew Limnol. 12, 643-653. Illies, J. 1958. Die Berbenregion mitteleuropiiische Fliessgewiisser. Verh. into Verein theor. angew. Limnol. 13, 834-844. Hlies, J. 1961. Versuch einer allgemain biozonotischen Gliederung der Fliessgewiisser. Int. Revue ges. Hydrobiol. 36, 205-213. Hlies, J. 1965. Phylogeny and zoogeography of the Plecoptera. A Rev. Ent. 10, 117-140. Illies, J. 1966. Katalog der rezenten Plecoptera. Tierreich 82, 1-632. Illies, J. 1967. Plecoptera. Limnofauna Europeae. 474 pp. Stuttgart. Illies, J. & Botosaneanu, L. 1963. Problemes et methodes de la classification et de la zonation ecologique des eaux courantes. Considerees surtout duppoint de vue faunistique. Mitt. into Ver. thear. angew. Limnol. 12, 1-57. Johannessen, T. W. 1963. Va:r og klima i Norge, pp. 65-92 in J. T. Ruud (ed.) Dette er Norge, 1814-1964. Gyldendal, Oslo. Kaiser, E. W. 1972. Status over de danske Plecoptera (SlfJrvinger). pp. 98-100. in Status over den danske dyreverden. Symp. ved KfJbenhavn universitet, 1971. Kalheber, H. & Tobias, D. 1971. Floristische Beobachtungen im oberen Pasvik-Tal (Nord-Norwegan). Natur Mus. Frankf. 101, 173-180. Kempney, P. 1900. Dber die Perlidenfauna Norwegens. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 50, 85-99. Kempney, P. 1901. Nachtrag zur Perlidenfauna Norwegens. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 51, 788 791. Kershaw, W. E., Williams, T. R., Frost, S., Matchett, R. E., Mills, M. L. & Johnson, R. D. 1968. The selective control of Simulium larvae by particulate insecticides and its significance in river management. T rans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. 62, 35-40. Klapalek, F. 1912. Plecoptera Norvegica. Kritisches Verzeichnis der bisher in Norwegen sichergestellten Plecopterenarten. Nytt mag. N a turv. 50, 2-14. Kownacka, M. 1971. The bottom fauna of the stream Sucha Woda (High Tatra Mts.) in the anuual cycle. Acta hydrobio!. 13, 415-438. Lillehammer, A. 1965. Investigations regarding the Plecoptera fauna in Rogaland, West Norway. I. Inner region (Ryfylke) lowland. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 13, 101-118. Lillehammer, A. 1966. Bottom fauna investigations in a Norwegian river. The influence of ecological factors. Nytt Mag. Zool. 13, 10--29. Lillehammer, A. 1968. Some finds of stoneflies, Plecoptera. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 15, 83-84. Lillehammer, A. 1972a. Notes on the stonefly Capma vidua Klapalek from Fenno-Scandia. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 19, 153-156. Lillehammer, A. 1972b. Notes on the stonefly Nemoura sahlbergi Morton with description of the nymph. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 19, 157-159. Lillehammer, A. 1972c. A new species of the genus Nemoura (Plecoptera) from Finnmark, North Norway. Norsk ent. Tidsskr. 19, 161-163. Maitland, P. S. 1966. The fauna of the River Endrick. Stud. Loch Lomond 2, 1-194. Maitland, P. S. & Penney, M. M. 1967. The ecology of the Simuliidae in a Scottish river. j. Anim. Ecol. 36, 179-206. Meinander, M. 1965. List of the Plecoptera of eastern Fennoscandia. Fauna fenn. 19, 3-38. Meinander, M. 1972. The invertebrate of the Kilpisjiirvi area, Finnish Lappland. Acta Soc. Fauna Flora fenn. 80, 45-61. Mendl, H. 1969. Plecopteren aus dem Raume Hamburg und Umgebung. Ent. Mitt. zool. St Inst. zoo!. Mus. 3, 1-10. Minshall, G. W. 1968. The Plecoptera of a headwater stream (Gaitscale Gill, English Lake district). Arch. Hydrobiol. 65, 494-514. Minshall, G. & Kuehne, R. A. 1969. An ecological study of invertebrates of the Duddon, an English stream. Arch. Hydrobiol. 66, 169--191. Morton, J. K. 1901. Perlidae taken in Norway in June and July 1900. Entomologist's mono Mag. 12, 146-148. Miiller, K. 1954. Faunistisch-okologische Untersuchungen in nord-schwedische Waldbiiche. Rep. Inst. Freshwat. Res. Drottningholm 36, 148-162.
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451 1 I I I I I I I 4 6 8 10 12 14
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Dry Weight , mg. Fig. 7. Correlatio
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Table 11. Caloric values per g dry
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Talbe IV. Oxygen consumption given
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etween the sexes during the respira
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128 A. Fjellberg Fig. 2. A. sefiten
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130 A. Fjellberg HABITATS Until now
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132 L. Semme the autumn. The prelim
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'~0~1-0611 '96 'lourouy 'uu3 's3asu
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136 J. E. Brittain Fig. 1. The loca
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138 J. E. Brittain period was longe
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140 J. E. Brittain Table 11. Ph~sic
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142 J. E. Brittain Table IV. Physic
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144 J. E. Brittain EPHEMEROPTERA Am
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146 J. E. Brittain 0-3 NYMPHS I I 1
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148 J. E. Brittain 1-3 NYMPHS 01 I
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150 J. E. Brittain Nemzlrella picte
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152 J. E. Brittain ture and the inc
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(Nord-Norwegen) (Trichoptera, Pleco
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from anoxia. Drops of haemolymph we
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Notes on little known spiders in No
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Symphyla and Pauropoda from two con
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Symphyla and Pauropoda 163 Table 11
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sults it is clear that the animals
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168 7. R. Nielsen K L M N Fig. l. O
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170 T. R. Nielsen Table 1. A compar
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Abundance and diversity in the faun
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Nocturnal moths 175 Table 1. Number
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Nocturnal moths 177 Grimstad Amli 1
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Nocturnal moths 179 Am/i. Norway 19
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Nocturnal moths 181 Grimstad, Norwa
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Nocturnal moths 183 %60 50 40 30 20
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Spinosellina forms of Sminthurides
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A constant pressure microrespiromet
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Microrespirometer 189 termination o
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192 F. E. Klallsen The specimens fr
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194 F. E. Klausen REFERENCES Ardii,
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196 A. Lillehammer present in Norwa
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