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188 E.-M. Conradi-Larsen -0.1 mm glass capi llary respirometer without animal is used. The eventual movement of the KOH meniscus in the small capillary of the control respirometer is measured for the same time intervals as for those containing animals. The values are corrected according to the changes in the control respirometer. ~ I epoxy glue 0.3 M KOH cotton wool -2 mm capillary , I~I I cover slip Fig.I. Constant pressure microrespirometer. Finally, the respiration chamber is sealed with a piece of cover glass coated with Vaseline. The respirometer is placed in a constant temperature water bath with about 4 cm of the small capillary above the water surface. As the respirometer is placed in the water bath, a droplet of KOH is placed on the top of the small capillary. For the following 30 min., care is taken that the top of the capillary is kept wet with KOH so that no air will penetrate into the small capillary. Then the top of the capillary is dried. As the animal in the respiration chamber is taking up ° 2 , and CO2 is absorbed in the KOH, the KOH column in the small capillary is drawn downwards according to the pressure reduction in the respiration chamber. The rate of the fall of the meniscus is measured by calipers with an accuracy of 0.1 mm. For correction of changes in the environmental pressure and temperature a control RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The respirometer was used for O2-consumption measurements on two collembole species, lsotoma violacea Tullberg and 7 etrachantella wahlgreni Linnaniemi, collected at Finse, about 1200 m a.s.l. during the period December 1973 to April 1974. Before the measurements the animals were acclimatized to 0° C for 1-3 days. For I. violacea the measurements were carried out at 10°, 20°, and 30° C. The results are shown in Fig. 2. The 02-consumption increased with increasing temperature, but the values for 30° C were too low to give a linear diagram. Most of the animals used for the 30° measurements died within a few hours at this temperature, and it is suggested that 30° C is too warm for these low temperature acclimatized collemboles. As 30° C seems to be lethal for I. violacea in winter, the measurements for 7. wahlgreni were carried out at 10°, 20°, and 25° C. The animals survived 25° C and a more linear relationship was found (Fig. 2). Compared to other methods used for de 4.0 , , /0 3.0 , ,, 0 .s:: 2.0 ~ '" o ' 1.0 ON "" E 00 )/00 0 E 0.5 00 ' ~ ./)/ 00 0 0 ..0 0 0.3t 000 0.2 - ~ e:/e 10 20 30 Qc Fig. 2. 02-consumption in lsotoma violacea and 7 etracanthella wahlgreni. 0 single values for I. violacea, • single values for 7. wahlgreni.
Microrespirometer 189 termination of O 2 -consumption in individual collemboles, the present method appears to give satisfactory results. A number of respiration measurements was carried out by Zinkler (1966), who used a Warburg apparatus of increased sensitivity. At 18 0 C the 02-consumption in the different species varied from 0.4-0.6 mm 3 02/mg/h. The weight of the animals varied from 0.7-2.9 mg. According to Zeuthen (1947), the rate of the 02-uptake in the small species used for the present study should be higher than in the larger species used by Zinkler. Tilbrook & Block (1972) determined the O 2 -consumption with Cartesian diver microrespirometer of an Antarctic collembole, Cryptopygus antarcticus. In specimens weighing about 0.05 mg, the O2-consumption was found to be 0.25 mm 3 02/mg/h at 100 C. For the present measurements, collemboles weighing from 0.04-0.09 mg were used. The average O2-consumption for these specimens was found to be 0.3 mm 3 02/mg/h. The present results for O 2 -consumption in collemboles attained by use of the constant pressure micro-respirometer seem to be in agreement with results of measurements carried out by Cartesian diver and Warburg respirometer. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to Professor Arne L0vlie for valuable advice, and to Dosent Lauritz S0mme for discussion and criticism of the manuscript. REFERENCES Conradi-Larsen, E.-M. & Semme, L. 1973. The overwintering of Pelophila borealis Payk. 11. Aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. N orsk ent. 7 idsskr. 20, 325-332. Dixon, A. F. G. 1971. Aphids, pp. 233-246 in Phillipson, J. (ed.) Methods of Study in Quantitative Soil Ecology: population, production and energy flow. International Biological Programme, Blackwell Scientific Publ., Oxford, London, Edinburgh, Melbourne. Kirk, P. L. 1959. Quantitative Ultramicroanalysis. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York and London. Tilbrook, P. J. & Block, W. 1972. Oxygen uptake in an Antarctic collembole, Cryptopygus antarcticus. Oikos 23, 313-317. Zeuthen, E. 1947. Body size and metabolic rate. Comt. rend. Lab. Carlsberg, ser. chim. 26 (3), 17-165. Zinkler, D. 1966. Vergleichende Untersuchungen zur Atmungsphysiologie von Collembolen (Apterygota und anderen Bodenkleinarthropoden). Zeitschrift fur vergleichende Physiologie 52, 99-144. Received 14 May 1974
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Norsk Entorriologisk Tidsskrift Nor
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Dry Weight , mg. Fig. 7. Correlatio
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Table 11. Caloric values per g dry
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Talbe IV. Oxygen consumption given
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etween the sexes during the respira
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128 A. Fjellberg Fig. 2. A. sefiten
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130 A. Fjellberg HABITATS Until now
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132 L. Semme the autumn. The prelim
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'~0~1-0611 '96 'lourouy 'uu3 's3asu
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136 J. E. Brittain Fig. 1. The loca
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Page 42 and 43: from anoxia. Drops of haemolymph we
Page 45 and 46: Notes on little known spiders in No
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Page 80 and 81: 194 F. E. Klausen REFERENCES Ardii,
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238 A. Lillehammer high altitude la
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240 A. Lillehammer Fig. 49. Distrib
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242 A. Lillehammer Fig. 53. Distrib
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244 A. Lillehammer streams and rive
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246 A. Lillehammer Blies (1953, 195
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248 A. Lillehammer streams are to a
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250 A. Lillehammer Muller, K. 1955.
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252 Bokanmeldelser produserende, en
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