JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States - Defense ...

Theory and Foundations
usually have the advantages derived from knowledge of the local area and ability to blend in
with the local population.
d. To address these forms of warfare, joint doctrine is principally based on a
combination of offensive, defensive, and stability operations. The predominant method or
combination depends on a variety of factors, such as capabilities and the nature of the enemy.
5. Levels of Warfare
a. General. While the various forms and methods of warfare are ultimately expressed
in concrete military action, the three levels of warfare—strategic, operational, and tactical—
link tactical actions to achievement of national objectives (see Figure I-2). There are no
finite limits or boundaries between these levels, but they help commanders design and
synchronize operations, allocate resources, and assign tasks to the appropriate command.
The strategic, operational, or tactical purpose of employment depends on the nature of the
objective, mission, or task.
b. Strategic Level. Strategy is a prudent idea or set of ideas for employing the
instruments of national power in a synchronized and integrated fashion to achieve theater and
multinational objectives. At the strategic level, a nation often determines the national (or
multinational in the case of an alliance or coalition) guidance that addresses strategic
objectives in support of strategic end states and develops and uses national resources to
achieve them. The President, aided by the National Security Council (NSC) and Homeland
Levels of Warfare
Strategic Level
National Policy
Theater Strategy
Operational Level
Campaigns
Major Operations
Battles
Tactical Level
Engagements
Small-Unit and Crew Actions
Figure I-2. Levels of Warfare
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