CIB W116âSmart and Sustainable Built Environments - Test Input

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Another risk attached to new build progress is establishing the Code for Sustainable Homes level 5 or 6 standards: if defined no doubt the constructor will have to use unfamiliar technologies and products leading to unforeseen complications. This is the nature of the dynamic sector of industry. Notably the government do know that the code cannot be achieved in the refurbishment of existing stock. It seems that target solution options will cause a rise in CO2 emissions regardless. 5. Conclusion: All on this little island This study has argued that it is not possible to meet housing targets for rising English population without causing a negative effect on the countryside. The amount of land needed to meet the 2016 new build targets is 130,000 hectares (A Sustainability Impact Study 2005). By building on brownfield sites the ‘land take’ saving is 78,000 hectares (Sustainable Communities 2005). By increasing housing densities there is an additional saving of 10,400 hectares. This means that the amount of greenbelt land in danger has now been reduced to a minimum 41,600 hectares. This is still a large surface area affectively removed from leisure, crop and livestock and lost to development. The issues discussed should be seriously considered as the Office of National Statistics (2007) forecast the U.K. population to increase from the expected 65 million in 2016 to 70 million by 2028. For England this means from 2006 to 2028 a total increase of 8.1 million; needing sufficient housing. Development would inevitably cut into greenbelt to some degree through what government term ‘edge of town’ development; in effect urban sprawl. This paper proposes that as far as mass production of housing is concerned there are elements to the equation for true sustainable construction practice that have not been thoroughly thought through. The author suggests that policy does not address the ‘off set’ of the pillars of sustainability for the long term. This inaccuracy could cause unsustainable strains on English society leading to an unexpected decline in quality of life. Presently house construction is not on course to meet the 2 million 2016 target. However in this period of economic downturn and present lack of lending coupled with popular protest no doubt alteration may occur to the development plans. Already policy is warming toward restoration, refurbishment and conversion. An indication of this is the amount of funding committed for research in the area of ‘retrofit’: in effect renovation to reduce CO2 emissions. Also when there is a change in government, solutions, policy and plans change. At present government policy does not convincingly address these problems. The debate continues. References Affordability Targets (2005) Implications for Housing Supply London: Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (Research & Statistics) A Sustainability Impact Study (2005) of Additional Housing Scenarios in England, Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, Crown Copy write Dec 141
Barker K (2004) Review of Housing Supply: Delivering Stability; Securing our Future Housing Needs – Recommendations, Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, Crown Copy write Bbc1 (2008) PM to Receive ‘Eco-town’ Petition http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/derbyshire/7189097.stm article Jan 15th Bbc2 (2008) Protest Over Plans for Eco-town http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/north_yorkshire/7309741.stm article Mar 22nd Bbc3 (2008) Protesters Oppose Eco-town Plan http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/derbyshire/7185095.stmarticle Jan 12th Bbc4 (2009) ‘Eco-town’ Plans: Site-by-site http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7328138.stm article Jan 29th Bbc5 (2008) Three ‘Eco-town’ Sites Rejected http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7327395.stm article 2nd April Britton P (2009) Green Belt Battlers vow to Fight on over ‘Broken Promise’ Manchester Evening News newspaper article Dec 11 th Building More Affordable Homes (2005) Improving the delivery of affordable housing in areas of high demand Audit Commission Copyright Building Research Establishment (2003) Energy Performance of Buildings Directive, the Building Research Establishment Callcutt Review (2007) of housebuilding delivery Published by the Department for Communities and Local Government, Eland House, Bressenden Place, London, SW1E 5DU: ISBN 978 185112 887 7 Nov Code for Sustainable Homes: a step-change in sustainable home building practice (2006) Communities and Local Government, December Dorsett B (2005) Asbestos Protest Letters Swamp Town Planners, Rochdale Observer newspaper article 18 th Feb Eco-towns: Living a Greener Future – Summary of Consultation Responses (includes revised list of respondents) – updated 3 rd March (2009), Communities and Local Government, ISBN 9781409806103 Crown Copyright (Consultation Responses) Eco-towns Prospectus, Communities and Local Government: London (2007) Crown Copyright (Research & Statistics) 142
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Proceedings W116 - Special Track 18
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            W116 ‐
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Inhibitors Influencing the Ad
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1. Methodology This paper proposes
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Figure 1: Brazilian Bioclimatic Zon
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4.2 Guidelines constructive from NB
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5. Case study 5.1 Sustainable strat
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Mahoney’s tables. This factor is
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this matter, and opts for construct
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Climate Change Related Environmenta
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2. Construction industry in the ASE
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eduction targets under the Kyoto Pr
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causing the governments to take on
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Availability of specific administra
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5. National and regional initiative
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The same Article provides further t
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Bisseck P (2003), “FEDEC: An Envi
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Evaluating Approaches for a Sustain
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material extraction in EU-27 in 200
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indications of the water and energy
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Union and other countries worldwide
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3.3.1 Actions and approaches in the
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uilding materials. Main criteria ar
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Bleischwitz R, Jacob K, Bahn-Walkow
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Oostra M.A.R., H.J Hermeler & L.H v
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Appendix Table 1 Governements, orga
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Table 3 Directions for solutions me
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1. Introduction The need to preserv
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In 1998 the Federal Government laun
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epairing; installation of water sav
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Table 1: Intervention plan for a fu
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climate, environmental quality of m
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commissioning of the water systems
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Education Challenges for Sustainabl
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2. Approach A generic green buildin
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Construction • Hold pre-construct
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3. Analysis of the current teaching
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tradition, however, project-based l
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with full, real-case sustainable de
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The Brazilian Agenda for Sustainabl
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The PNCDA developed some Technical
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The activities made for the develop
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Table 1: Guidelines for a regional
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Ilha M S O, Oliveira L H, Gonçalve
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1. Introduction Sustainable design
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(3) Energy efficiency: Energy effic
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Figure 2: Simplified Feng Shui Mode
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Page 97 and 98: Figure 9: View of Central Atrium (S
Page 99 and 100: attributes, such as, light, thermal
Page 101 and 102: McLennan, J.F. (2004) The Philosoph
Page 103 and 104: 1. Introduction The term “green
Page 105 and 106: Udechukwu and Johnson (2008) descri
Page 107 and 108: Household lighting alone will thus
Page 109 and 110: 4. Research method In adopting a su
Page 111 and 112: Archiving/Storage facilities 0.699
Page 113 and 114: therefore be encouraged to use inve
Page 115 and 116: Managing Quality and Environmental
Page 117 and 118: development of a computer-based sys
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Page 123 and 124: Figure 3 shows one of the forms for
Page 125 and 126: Dubinski J. Gruszka E. and Krodkiew
Page 127 and 128: Smith M. and Smith D. (2007), Imple
Page 129 and 130: 1. Introduction In this article a m
Page 131 and 132: county function of the value of the
Page 133 and 134: • Difficulty in generalizing resu
Page 135 and 136: Dalkey, N. C. (1969). Memorandum RM
Page 137 and 138: 1. Introduction: Drivers and invest
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Page 151 and 152: 1. Introduction 1.1 Background to t
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Page 155 and 156: their contribution Community empowe
Page 157 and 158: Literature review Carefully map the
Page 159 and 160: Facilities Management (FM) New FM a
Page 161 and 162: Pearce, J. (2003) Social Enterprise
Page 163 and 164: 1. Introduction According to Edward
Page 165 and 166: Figure 1: Three Perspectives on sus
Page 167 and 168: Instead, their main concern is mere
Page 169 and 170: • Both cement stabilised products
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Page 173 and 174: Smith, E. W. and Austin, G. S. (198
Page 175 and 176: 1. Introduction According to Morton
Page 177 and 178: 13. Earth buildings provide better
Page 179 and 180: Figure 1: Inhibitors of earth const
Page 181 and 182: 4. Inhibitors influencing the adopt
Page 183 and 184: Blondet, M. and Aguilar, R. (2007).
Page 185 and 186: Mubaiwa, A. (2002). Earth as an alt
Page 187 and 188: 1. Introduction Concrete is a compo
Page 189 and 190: Figure 1 Carbon flows through cemen
Page 191 and 192: with 25% replacement obtained pract
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Tawfik M E and Eskander S B. (2006)
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1. Introduction After Industrial Re
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2.2 Goal and scope Acquiring from e
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Table 2 shows that, quantity of raw
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national environmental agencies hav
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claddings and especially waterproof
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Acknowledgement The authors gratefu
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1. Introduction 1.1 Urban constrain
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countries (Cole and Larsson, 2002);
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emissions environment Solid waste R
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The systems approach is similar, al
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alternative means of transportation
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Flexibility SU3 Adaptability SU4 SU
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References Richard Rogers and Phili
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1. Introduction During the last few
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Regardless of its popularity, emerg
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emoans the fact that of the plethor
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3.3.2 Buildings Zimmermann et al. (
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3.3.5 Energy generation and transmi
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Kennedy, C., Bristow, D. et al., 20
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Linking Energy and Maintenance Mana
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Building Energy Performance Needed
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2.1 2.1 Case study #1, District Lev
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UCSF Facilities Management Group. T
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2.3 Case study #3, Central Plant BA
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2.3.4 Lessons learned The following
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• Return on investment (ROI) •
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Ring, P. (2006). The Application of
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1. Introduction “Physical archite
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independent living and help to crea
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our ways of living creating the sen
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An issue to consider is that Ambien
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sensorial diseases / impairments is
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Eurostat (2007) Population and soci
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1. Introduction Information regardi
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economic opportunities on the other
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accommodate a total population esti
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• population and structure owners
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3.3.4 Discussion of Results Documen
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4.1 Using the results for decision
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4.2 Enhancing participation using G
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4. Conclusion The potential uses of
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Schlossberg, M. and Shuford, E. (20
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1. Introduction The purpose of this
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and evaluation of the surrounding u
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• the use of multiple methods and
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complex, with the creation of a bio
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Thus, made these considerations of
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A Life-Cycle Approach to Reducing R
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“4. Accept the responsibility for
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The following analysis describes th
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words, using existing building mate
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90% by using recovered materials. O
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Assigning direct costs to selected
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Napier, Thomas R., D. McKay, and N.
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“Black Box Opener” Tool to Asse
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2.1 The main characteristics of ind
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design in the use of resources, imp
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Shen et al (2004) developed a descr
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initial data collection is carried
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Gavilan R M and Bernold L E (1994)
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International Council for Research
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CIB General Secretariat post box 18
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