Joel A Lewis Youth Against Fascism.pdf

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NOTES figure in the cultural activities of American communism, going on to collaborate with other socialist musicians like Leadbelly, Woody Guthrie, Lee Hays, Millard Lampell, Sis Cunningham, Brownie McGhee, Paul Robeson and Sonny Terry. For more information on the YCL and Seeger see David King Dunaway, How Can I Keep From Singing: Pete Seeger. (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co, 1981). 207. Francis Franklin, "Education As An Art," Young Communist Review 3, no.1 (March, 1938): 7,8,9. 208. Joseph Starobin, "Wise For Its Year," Young Communist Review 4, no.1 (March, 1939): 3,4. 209. For the YCL, the transition to a culture centred politics transformed not just their rhetoric and activities, but helped to shift their organizational structures from the factory nuclei basis back into the traditional socialist structure of the community branch. This reversion back into community branches was justified by the YCL in terms of cultural policy, arguing that during the Popular Front if the YCL was to serve as "an educational organization, and not a vanguard organization operating among the youth," that the cultural activities of the community was where YCLers would "find their most natural life." See Phil Schatz, "Empire Statesmanship," Young Communist Review 4, no.1 (March, 1939): 6. 210. "Editorials," Young Communist Review 3, no.11 (January, 1939): 10. 211. The Young Labor Poets, "Two Poems," Young Communist Review 3, no.1 (March, 1938): 14. 212. Joseph Starobin, "This Fourth of July: Editorial," Young Communist Review 4, no.5 (July, 1939): 30. 213. See Alex Kold, "Slave Songs of Protest," Young Communist Review 3, no.12 (February, 1939): 19-21. 214. The songbook was published by the YCL National Activities Department that furnished "branches with skits, songs, advice on forming choruses dramatic groups, game suggestions" and other cultural initiatives. See "The Composer of Fighting For Democracy," Young Communist Review 4, no.1 (March, 1939): 29. 215. Sonny Vale, "Fighting For Democracy," Young Communist Review 4, no.1 (March, 1939): 29. 216. Hoffman Hays and John Garden, "A Song For the Fourth of July," Young Communist Review 4, no.5 (July, 1939): 18-19. 217. Leo Rifkin and Lawrence Adams, "Make Your Dreams Come True: A YCL Cheer Song," Young Communist Review 4, no.3 (May, 1939): 26. 218. Hannas Hatschik, "Colorado Shindig," Young Communist Review 3, no.11 (January, 1939): 24-25. 219. See David Engerman, "Give a Party For the Party," American Communist History 1, no.1 (June, 2002): 73-89. 220. Tony Pecinovsky, "Shaking and Making US History: A History of the YCL," in People's Weekly World Newspaper Online Archive . 221. James Dugan, "Stop Before You Jitter," Young Communist Review 4, no.5 (July, 1939): 3. 222. The YCL praised the progressive youth aspect of the Stalin Constitution which propagated that "all citizens are guaranteed… the right to leisure." See Elwood Dean, "YCL'ers Are Also Human," Young Communist Review 4, no.2 (April, 1939): 13; Joseph Starobin, "21 Years of Soviet Power," Young Communist Review 3, no.9 (November, 1938): 34.. 223. Phil Schatz, "In the Old Summertime!," Young Communist Review 3, no.4 (June, 1938): 3, 27. 224. Browder, "Your Generation and Mine," 6. 225. Geiser, "I Was in a Fascist Concentration Camp," 27. 226. Winston, Character Building and Education, 10. 227. Carl Ross, "Against a Ludlow Agreement," Young Communist Review 3, no.1 (March, 1938): 16. 228. Roy Ashburg, "Sports For Democracy," Young Communist Review 3, no.12 (February, 1939): 22. 229. Cohen, "The Soviet Union and Spain," 9. 230. Kling, "They Shall Not Pass," 14. 231. "Welcome Home to the Lincoln Brigade," Young Communist Review 3, no.10 (December, 1938): 6. 232. Challenge Editorial Board, "Dear Comrade Carillo," Challenge: The Voice of Youth 4, no.20 (May 19, 1938): 9. 233. "Answer Mussolini By Sending Guns and Food To Spain," Challenge: The Voice of Youth 5, no. 3 (January 21, 1939): 1. 234. Jean Hemmen, "Young International Volunteers Heroic Example," World Youth Review 1, no. 1 (January, 1939): 11. 235. "Message to the Youth of Spain," World Youth Review 1, no.5 (May, 1939): 113. 236. Carillo, "To the Youth of the World," 9. 237. The Spanish Medical Aid Committee, The Spanish Medical Aid Committee: Report of the Committee (London: London Caledonian Press, 1936), 1. 238. Gabriel Carritt, "Every Gun in Spain Defends us in Britain," Challenge: The Voice of Youth 5, no. 5 (February 4, 1939): 8. 239. YCLGB, We March To Victory, 9, 14. 240. Marcel Cachin, "Redouble Your Efforts to Help Spain: A French Communist Senator's Special Message to Challenge," Challenge: The Voice of Youth 4, no.5 (February 3, 1938): 11. 241. "British Youth 'Adopt' Two Spanish Towns," Challenge: The Voice of Youth 5, no. 1 (January 7, 1939): 8. 242. Maud Burns, "Girls and Defence," Our Youth: Discussion Magazine of the Young Communist League 1, no.5 (August, 1938):19. See also Bridget Roberts, "British Girls Adopt Spanish Children," Challenge: The Voice of Youth 4, no.26 (June 30, 1938): 5. 243. "John Little Returns From Spain," Young Communist Review 3, no.4 (June, 1938): 25. 244. Margaret Vernon, "The YWCA Convention," Young Communist Review 3, no.4 (June, 1938): 10. 245. Green, "Armaments For What," 5. 246. "This Army is Ready to Defend You: Let's Get a Government That Will Take its Help," Challenge: The Voice of Youth 4, no.21 (March 24, 1938): 6. 247. "Britain's Air Force Can Be Beaten Easily," Challenge: The Voice of Youth 4, no.23 (April 7, 1938): 10. 248. YCI articles insisted that the fate of democracy, Spain, the Soviet Union and youth were intimately linked together, arguing that "Stalin has an unshakeable faith in the forces of youth, which inspire him with profound confidence" and that this confidence would serve to "strengthen the faith of youth in its own power and in its victory" against fascism. See Ted Ward, "This Army is Ready to Defend You;" Otto Meier, "The Young Generation and the 18 th Congress of the Bolshevik Party," World Youth Review 1, no. 6 (June, 1939): 114. 249. Ted Ward, "This Army is Ready to Defend You," Challenge: The Voice of Youth 5, no. 8 (February 25, 1939): 3. 250. Starobin, "21 Years of Soviet Power," 34. 251. Gates, "They Stormed the Heavens," 20. 252. John Gates, "The Nature of This War," Young Communist Review 4, no.8 (October, 1939): 4. 253. Cohen, "The Soviet Union and Spain," 9. 254. John Gollan, "British Youth and the Struggle Against Chamberlain," 4. 255. W.W. "Why Did Barcelona Fall We Are to Blame in Britain!," Challenge: The Voice of Youth 5, no. 5 (February 4, 1939): 3. 256. Gates, "They Stormed the Heavens," 20, 21. 181
YOUTH AGAINST FASCISM 257. Santiago Carrillo, "Young Spain Against the Betrayal," World Youth Review 1, no. 4 (April, 1939): 70. 258. "The 11 th National Conference of the Young Communist League of Great Britain," World Youth Review 1, no. 5 (May, 1939): 96. 259. Strack, "War or Peace – The Students Answer," 14. 260. Kling, "They Shall Not Pass," 14. 261. "Editorials," Young Communist Review 3, no.1 (March, 1938): 6. 262. Ross, "Against a Ludlow Agreement," 16. 263. "Clippings of the Day," Young Communist Review 3, no.3 (May, 1938): 30. 264. "Czechoslovakia and Spain: An Editorial," Young Communist Review 4, no.2 (April, 1939): 11. 265. "The 11 th National Conference of the Young Communist League of Great Britain," 96. 266. W.W. "At the Call of Freedom They Will March Again," 3. 267. Cohen, "Youth Defends Spain," 8. 268. "Recruiting Drive," 29. 269. Clare Schechter, "Letters to the Editor," Young Communist Review 3, no.5 (July, 1938): 32. 270. "Welcome Home to the Lincoln Brigade," 6. 271. West, "The YCL Speaks," 25. 272. Starobin, "This Fourth of July: Editorial," 30. 273. Strack, "Answering Questions On Collective Security," 12. CONCLUSION: THE YOUTH STRUGGLE AGAINST WAR 1. Young, No More War, 11. 2. Green, "A World Congress For Peace," 6. 3. See V.I. Lenin, "The Impending Catastrophe and How To Combat It: Abolition of Commercial Secrecy," in The V.I. Lenin Internet Archive . 4. In his propaganda rhetoric, Hitler utilized youthful imagery to link internationalism with decay and militant nationalism with the youth. In a May Day speech in 1923 Hitler stated, "If the first of May is to be transferred in accordance with its true meaning from the life of Nature to the life of peoples, then it must symbolize the renewal of the body of a people which has fallen into senility. And in the life of peoples senility means internationalism. What is born of senility Nothing, nothing at all. Whatever in human civilization has real value, that arose not out of internationalism, it sprang from the soul of a single people. When peoples have lost their creative vigor, then they become international Everywhere, wherever intellectual incapacity rules in the life of peoples, there internationalism appears… So the first of May can be only a glorification of the national creative will over against the conception of international disintegration, of the liberation of the nation's spirit and of its economic outlook from the infection of internationalism. That is in the last resort the question of the restoration to health of peoples." See Adolf Hitler, "Munich: Speech Of May 1, 1923," in the Online Hitler Historical Museum: Hitler's Speeches Archive . 5. In a recent review of Mussolini's imperial policy Willie Thompson reflected, "However, when it came to racism in the broader sense of relations with people of colour, of conviction of Europe's inherent superiority and of contempt for the lives and property of people known as non-Europeans, of preparedness to treat them as expendable instruments, fascist attitudes were as ferocious as could be imagined. Similar outlooks were characteristic of all colonial regimes, but to the everyday racism typically prevalent in such situations was added in the fascist case a glorification of brutality, an obsession with ruling by fear, of responding to every hint of real or imagined resistance with sadistic and generalized terror. Such responses were personally encouraged and indeed insisted upon by Mussolini himself." See Willie Thompson, "The Fascist Regime and the Abyssinia Crisis," Socialist History 28 (Spring, 2006): 2. 6. Young, No More War, 7-8. 7. National Organizational Committee of the YWL, "Manifesto and Program," The Young Worker: Official Organ of the Young Workers League (Formerly Youth) 1, no.2 (March-April, 1922): 10-11. 8. Dimitrov, "The Fascist Offensive and the Tasks of the Communist International," 10. 9. Georgi Dimitrov, "Fascism Is War," in The United Front: The Struggle Against Fascism And War (San Francisco: Proletarian Publishers, 1975), 262, 263, 268, 269. 10. Wolf Michal, "The Secretary of the Socialist Youth of France and Munich," Our Youth: Discussion Magazine of the Young Communist League 1, no.8 (November, 1938): 22, 23, 25, 27. 11. West, "The YCL Speaks to the Catholics," 24. 12. Browder, "Your Generation and Mine," 4. 13. Maurice Thorez, "A New Youth Shall Rise," Young Communist Review 3, no.8 (October, 1938): 10, 12. 14. Derek Watson, "Molotov's Apprenticeship in Foreign Policy: The Triple Alliance Negotiations in 1939," Europe-Asia Studies 52, no.4 (June, 2000): 700. 15. Throughout the summer of 1939, The World Youth Review and The Young Communist Review did not carry any articles about or by Molotov, whereas statements from Litvinov had been regular features of previous issues. Challenge did not carry any statements from Molotov until June 10, 1939. In an article entitled, "What's Holding Up The Pact," the YCL highlighted themes of continuity in Soviet foreign policy, avoiding any serious discussion that the nature of Soviet policy was changing under Molotov. See "What's Holding Up The Pact Molotov, Russia's Premier, Tells You Here," Challenge: The Voice of Youth 5, no.23 (June 10, 1939): 4-5. 16. "The Russian View "No Inconsistency", Ambassadors See M. Molotoff From Our Special Correspondent," The London Times no. 48391 (August 23, 1939): 12. 17. Watson, 714, 703. 18. Elie Duguet, "Youth Rises Against Aggression," World Youth Review 1, no. 5 (May, 1939): 93, 94. 19. See "Neville Chamberlain's "Peace For Our Time" Speech," in History of the United Kingdom: Primary Documents Archive . 20. NCYCLGB, "Crisis: The People's Action Can Decide the Issue," Challenge: The Voice of Youth 5, no.34 (September 2, 1939): 1. 21. On the same day that Churchill became the new British Prime Minister the Axis powers ended the period of the "phoney war" by invading Western Europe. This situation put the YCLGB in an awkward rhetorical and strategic position since 182
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This book is dedicated to the memor
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Hulett, Fatima Uygun, Janey Buchan,
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INTRODUCTION: COMMUNIST HISTORIOGRA
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COMMUNIST HISTORIOGRAPHY AND THE YO
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THE LENINIST GENERATION youth could
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THE LENINIST GENERATION By upholdin
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THE LENINIST GENERATION especially
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THE LENINIST GENERATION young, who
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THE LENINIST GENERATION in the happ
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THE LENINIST GENERATION warnings, i
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THE LENINIST GENERATION organizatio
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THE LENINIST GENERATION such relati
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THE LENINIST GENERATION critiquing
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THE LENINIST GENERATION Although th
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THE LENINIST GENERATION radicalism,
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THE LENINIST GENERATION The communi
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THE LENINIST GENERATION first publi
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2 YOUTH AGAINST FASCISM: THE CONSTR
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THE POPULAR FRONT GENERATION counte
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THE POPULAR FRONT GENERATION Comint
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THE POPULAR FRONT GENERATION energy
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THE POPULAR FRONT GENERATION this w
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THE POPULAR FRONT GENERATION of the
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THE POPULAR FRONT GENERATION erful
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THE POPULAR FRONT GENERATION YCL me
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THE POPULAR FRONT GENERATION The gr
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THE POPULAR FRONT GENERATION First
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THE POPULAR FRONT GENERATION In con
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NATIONALISM put them to the test in
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NATIONALISM men, women or child mer
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NATIONALISM The second type of issu
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NATIONALISM with chauvinism.... Com
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NATIONALISM Parliament. Youth force
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NATIONALISM Political liberty is es
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NATIONALISM Civil War, whose result
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NATIONALISM constitution stated, "T
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NATIONALISM The YCLUSA could not ut
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4 UNITY OF YOUTH: FROM SECTARIANISM
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UNITY OF YOUTH countries." 12 The Y
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UNITY OF YOUTH While fascism framed
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UNITY OF YOUTH In stark contrast to
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UNITY OF YOUTH Though the YCL propa
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UNITY OF YOUTH At the earliest poss
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UNITY OF YOUTH The Leninist YCL den
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UNITY OF YOUTH strating that if "ou
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UNITY OF YOUTH nists made for a uni
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UNITY OF YOUTH Circle League insist
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UNITY OF YOUTH ated the themes of y
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5 DEMOCRACY: FROM DENUNCIATION TO D
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DEMOCRACY Young communists did not
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DEMOCRACY of freedom, the slogan of
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DEMOCRACY racy. YWL rhetoric dismis
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DEMOCRACY lenge offered such a foru
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DEMOCRACY Army men have a share in
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DEMOCRACY the imperialist role of B
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DEMOCRACY Road to Victory: Marching
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DEMOCRACY Popular Front strategies
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DEMOCRACY by fighting "to defend an
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DEMOCRACY Another component of the
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DEMOCRACY The Leninist Generation e
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DEMOCRACY published a songbook enti
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DEMOCRACY statements like, "We spea
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DEMOCRACY aggression against democr
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DEMOCRACY tional Brigades, who were
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Page 162 and 163: NOTES reductionist in its methodolo
Page 164 and 165: NOTES political displacement by his
Page 166 and 167: NOTES scribe themselves and the per
Page 168 and 169: NOTES 44. "Minutes of the Second Co
Page 170 and 171: NOTES Socialist Party." See Earl Br
Page 172 and 173: NOTES movement. See "The Language B
Page 174 and 175: NOTES 35. Leninist state theory had
Page 176 and 177: NOTES 96. Bard, "Capitalism Brings
Page 178 and 179: NOTES to revolutionary agitation, e
Page 180 and 181: NOTES 68. See Thomas Ricento, "The
Page 182 and 183: NOTES 47. Though the Comintern open
Page 184 and 185: NOTES 108. "10th Annual Conference
Page 186 and 187: NOTES 168. "Spain Marches Ahead to
Page 188 and 189: NOTES 42. For an insightful comment
Page 190 and 191: NOTES 125. Mick Bennett, "Our Ideal
Page 194 and 195: NOTES throughout the Popular Front
Page 196 and 197: BIBLIOGRAPHY Communist Party Collec
Page 198 and 199: BIBLIOGRAPHY Chemodanov, V. Struggl
Page 200 and 201: BIBLIOGRAPHY Labour Party NEC, "Lea
Page 202 and 203: BIBLIOGRAPHY YCLGB. A Congress of Y
Page 204 and 205: BIBLIOGRAPHY Connolly, James. "Soci
Page 206 and 207: BIBLIOGRAPHY Pecinovsky, Tony. "A H
Page 208 and 209: BIBLIOGRAPHY Denisoff, R. Serge. "F
Page 210 and 211: BIBLIOGRAPHY Morris, Bernard S. "Co
Page 212 and 213: BIBLIOGRAPHY Agnew, Jeremy and Kevi
Page 214 and 215: BIBLIOGRAPHY Cornell, Richard. Revo
Page 216 and 217: BIBLIOGRAPHY Hardie Martin, and Art
Page 218 and 219: BIBLIOGRAPHY Lindemann, Albert S. A
Page 220 and 221: BIBLIOGRAPHY Rosenhaft, Eve. Beatin
Page 222: YOUTH AGAINST FASCISM Todd, Nigel.
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