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have access to, so it’s an essential part of the convention. 6. Begin the negotiation session. Be sure to tell travelers that they may meet only with other seated groups and not with other travelers. Travelers may circulate separately or together. If traveling negotiators find a delegation they believe would be good allies, they may need to move back and forth between their delegation and the potential allies in order discuss the specifics of an agreement or deal. 7. After students have <strong>complete</strong>d meeting other groups and building alliances they should return to their own group to prepare for the large-group convention. They should be prepared to explain why their leader or the leader of the delegation that they’ve allied with would make the best president. They should also be prepared to question the other delegates and the qualities of their leader in terms of a potential presidency. Students should think of these as somewhat informal presentations, but they should have ideas and content prepared to discuss. 8. Reconvene as a whole group with the class sitting in a circle, if possible, or the best arrangement that will encourage whole class engagement and participation. Each delegation should have the name of their revolutionary leader displayed on the provided placard. 9. Begin the convention, starting with Carranza’s delegation since he called for the convention. Each delegation should be given the opportunity to present the main concerns of their own delegate, and to question the other delegations after they’ve presented. 10. Once all delegations have presented and been questioned, give the delegations a short period of time to finalize alliances and decide whom each delegate will vote for. Remind students that the entire delegation must vote for the same leader. For example, if the Villa delegation was divided, it would not be possible for half of them to vote for Villa and half of them to vote for Zapata. They must come to an agreement. 11. Count the votes and announce the winner. There may be no winner if each delegation voted for their own leader. While this provides no provisional president, in reality it isn’t that different from the actual outcome of the Convention of Aguascalientes, where very little was accomplished in terms of bringing an end to the chaos that had erupted all over Mexico. 12. As a class discuss the assignment. What new information did they learn What did they learn about the Mexican Revolution and its leaders What were they surprised by The Mexican Revolution is often described as complex, complicated and chaotic—do they have a better understanding of why that is now Extension/Assessment Activity: Whom Would You Follow By this point students should have a good understanding of the major revolutionary leaders. Give them time to consider whom they would have supported had they been living in Mexico at the time of the Revolution. Ask students to write an essay explaining what revolutionary leader they would have supported and why. Follow your classroom procedure for writing, editing, and revising.
The Convention at Aguascalientes Questions 1. Why did you join the Revolution 2. What do you hope the Revolution will accomplish Do you want political change Do you want social change 3. What kind of country do you want Mexico to be 4. What are you willing to sacrifice 5. Whom might you be willing to ally with 6. Whom would you never ally with 7. What do you think is the most essential and immediate need for Mexico now 8. What are your feelings about land reform 9. Do you believe in quick change or slow, gradual reform
Page 1 and 2: ! viva la revolución ! an educator
Page 3 and 4: Acknowledgments This educator’s g
Page 5 and 6: using this guide in the classroom T
Page 7 and 8: virtually no possibility for contin
Page 9 and 10: THE HUERTA DICTATORSHIP In the nort
Page 11 and 12: SYMBOLS OF THE REVOLUTION The Mexic
Page 13 and 14: porfirio Díaz (1830 - 1915) Porfir
Page 15 and 16: Francisco I. Madero (1873 - 1913) F
Page 17 and 18: Pascual Orozco (1882 - 1915) Pascua
Page 19 and 20: Emiliano Zapata (1879 - 1919) Zapat
Page 21 and 22: \\ During ten tragic days (“La De
Page 23 and 24: The Mexican Revolution: Film Materi
Page 25 and 26: scavenger hunt curriculum Introduct
Page 27 and 28: olution, use the pictures to create
Page 29 and 30: An Educator’s Guide to the Mexica
Page 37 and 38: giuseppe garibaldi Location: Europe
Page 41 and 42: References for Images 1. Peasant fr
Page 43 and 44: a bada** retelling of the mexican r
Page 45 and 46: a bada** retelling of the mexican r
Page 47 and 48: Villa was PISSED OFF. Apparently th
Page 49: Materials \\ Copies of roles for ea
Page 53 and 54: ernor of his then-home state of Chi
Page 55 and 56: The Convention at Aguascalientes: \
Page 57 and 58: to join forces at the hacienda of C
Page 59 and 60: By the fall of 1914, Carranza had d
Page 61 and 62: The Convention at Aguascalientes: V
Page 63 and 64: When Villa attacked Columbus, New M
Page 65 and 66: epresentations: los de abajo by mar
Page 67 and 68: Context of Los de Abajo/The Underdo
Page 69 and 70: XI XII 1. How do you think Camila f
Page 71 and 72: Part Two I 1. What kind of reputati
Page 73 and 74: fighting. 2. Why do you think the t
Page 77 and 78: Procedure Using the excerpts includ
Page 79 and 80: Questions 1. In what ways does this
Page 81 and 82: “He sat down, crossed his legs, a
Page 83 and 84: epresentations: “death of an assa
Page 85 and 86: primary documents of the mexican re
Page 87 and 88: Materials \\ Copy of primary source
Page 89 and 90: women of the revolution: soldaderas
Page 91 and 92: Women in the Mexican Revolution: El
Page 93 and 94: to all the severities of both man a
Page 95 and 96: had wanted to, she could have marri
Page 97 and 98: Corrido Examples: La Rielera, Adeli
Page 99 and 100: Additional Resources The Kennedy Ce
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.Corrido: La adelita On the top of
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distinguishing features of corridos
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Hall, Linda. Álvaro Obregón: Powe
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Public Broadcasting Service (PBS):
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slideshow of images
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Núm. 6055 | Elementos de tropa vil
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Núm. 6734 | Francisco Villa y Orne
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Núm. 5015 | Soldado federal con su
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Núm. 5214 | Tropas cristeras duran
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Núm. 5227 | Francisco Villa conver
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Núm. 5281 | Hombres juntos a estac
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Núm. 5316 | Francisco Villa e hijo
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Núm. 5694 | Francisco Villa, Migue
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Núm. 5710 | Revolucionarios zapati
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Núm. 6388 | Soldaderas preparan co
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Núm. 5754 | Soldado federal se des
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Núm. 5904 | Villista carga rifles
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literature: the underdogs
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The Underdogs by Mariano Azuela A N
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house God's truth, which is it" "Of
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doing this dog's job. But look here
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They rushed forward to greet Demetr
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Anastasio Montanez said, examining
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A soldier fell into the water; at e
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teeth and fulfilled the office of m
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little girl!" V Suddenly awakening,
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"What kind of beasts are you" the p
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death upon bandits in the columns o
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placably mortal hatred of the upper
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"Well, I'll soon find out if this t
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oiled water and some rags. With unf
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She sat down beside Remigia Indian-
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said the wrinkled old woman, drawin
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wound, examined it carefully, and s
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Look here, Tenderfoot, I want to te
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XII Demetrio's wound had already he
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A few moments later, amid cries of
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corpse,see "All right: that's just
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evolution. It is not true that you
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without taking the slightest notice
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That evening, there was much merrym
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Meco, prancing forward on his horse
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At midnight Demetrio Macias ordered
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uttered a piercing cry and fell fro
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To His Honor the Minister for War,
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In vain an old sergeant harangued t
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Cervantes said: "With men like Gene
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a race that awaits redemption!" He
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Heavy, plated mirrors, brass candle
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of staff, remarked somewhat ironica
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know. Nor did he know when Demetrio
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columns of a warehouse and the towe
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Goddamned sunset. And I let him go
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waiter, "I'm feeling sick. Just bri
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and War Paint plunged their hands i
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"How much do you want for them" Pan
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"You don't know this fellow Blondie
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Luis Cervantes saw that the last re
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you know. That girl is your kind, s
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There was a sound of doors being be
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meat, the mob bursts in, trampling
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the patio, which had been converted
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thinking it wouldn't show much guts
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"Poor little child! Tell me how all
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"Make ready, all you darling Jalisc
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oner. "Do you want to know why Beca
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torn trousers, split at the seam, l
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sierra. . . . If you only knew. . .
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Luis Cervantes gave himself away. H
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lines to which Demetrio appended an
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for orders from the Chief. Demetrio
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Maybe he knew, I never knew. The bl
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said to the young waiter: "Here, ki
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seats. Suddenly a woman who has sto
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The streets in Aguascalientes were
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"Villa Obregon Carranza What's the
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tus opened out, fresh, solid, aflam
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wrinkled as though a black shadow h
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tiously: "These are bad times and y
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caught in a single tear." Then he c
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killing and killing. But there's no
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VI Demetrio Macias' wife, mad with
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The spirit of nomadic tribes stirre
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literature: los de abajo
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PRIMERA PARTE —Te digo que no es
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II Todo era sombra todavía cuando
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aquel pitayo!... ¡Hijo de...! ¡To
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Un chico gordinflón, de piel moren
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— Correligionario, mi jefe..., es
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Camila se cubrió de rubor, y como
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—Señá Remigia, emprésteme unos
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— ¡Mientes!... — Sí; le diste
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Camila sintió que de su pecho algo
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— Allá voy... No he terminado: "
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Ella siguió la vereda del arroyo.
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tubo de hierro y perillas de latón
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escapar al enemigo. —Yo mismo voy
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Los hombres, inclinados ahora, se d
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—Allí vienen ya los gorrudos —
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Luego se hablaba de los aeroplanos
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Y su mano tendida señaló la estac
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Demetrio. — A la orden —le cont
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Demetrio clavó sus ojos de aguiluc
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— ¡Hum! —interrumpió la Pinta
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Villita... ¿Miento, curro... ¡Que
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Demetrio sonríe, y ya sin más con
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defenderíamos ahora — Eso es cos
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— Si yo pudiera coger vivo a Pasc
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Anduvo, y su paso marcó un compás
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Luis Cervantes templó la brida de
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Hubo protestas calurosas; algunos s
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Una bala rebotó en el cemento, pas
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—¡Hum, pa las máquinas de coser
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TERCERA PARTE I "El Paso, Tex., may
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—¿Derrotado el general Villa...
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podrido, con las casas grises, con
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—¡Papeles, sí!... ¡Eso nos han
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literature: death of an assassin
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General Diaz to impose a successor
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plan de san luis de potosí creador
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gen ni otra base que la voluntad na
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leyes promulgadas por la actual adm
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el agraciado no aceptara por cualqu
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vida, parte de las promesas que hiz
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the governing powers and corrupted
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obtain ejidos, colonies, and founda
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plan de ayala CREADO POR emiliano z
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II. Se desconoce como Jefe de la Re
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XIV. Si el presidente Madero y dem
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5. When the Constitutionalist Army
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hubiere sido electo. VII. El ciudad
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