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Questions 1. What kind of leader is Agustín García 2. How is Agustin Garcia like the leaders and soldiers in Los de Abajo How is he different 3. What do you think would have happened to Irene if she had not been able to hide from Agustín García 4. How would you describe Mama Is she brave Explain.
epresentations: “death of an assassin” by victor villaseñor Introduction and Background Information 12 Best-selling novelist Victor Villaseñor grew up with the stories of magic and wonder that are contained within Walking Stars: Stories of Magic and Power. Within its pages is a cast of dogs and horses and wild, lovable children and teenagers whose perseverance take them to stardom, but not the stardom found on television and the popular media. This is the brilliance of becoming strong, confident walking stars, humans who are able to bring positive, magical change to society against all odds. The tales, set to the backdrop of the Mexican Revolution and his family’s immigration to the United States, all involve young people overcoming physical, emotional, and psychological barriers during times of extreme stress. The over-riding message of Villaseñor’s exciting narrations is that we can all be heroes. Especially young people, who have the power to create their own futures, can find within themselves the power to achieve great feats of skill and courage. About the Author Born in the barrio of Carlsbad, California, in 1940, Victor Villaseñor was raised on a ranch four miles north in Oceanside. Since his parents were born in Mexico, Villaseñor spoke only Spanish when he started school. After years of facing language and cultural barriers, heavy discrimination and a reading problem, later diagnosed as dyslexia, Victor dropped out of high school his junior year and moved to Mexico. There he discovered a wealth of Mexican art, literature, music, that helped him recapture and understand the dignity and richness of his heritage. Victor returned to the U.S. at the age of 20. He began to feel the old frustration and anger return as he once again witnessed the disregard toward poor and uneducated people and especially toward the Mexicans. Then a chance encounter with James Joyce’s Portrait Of An Artist As A Young Man, changed Victor’s life. It awakened a desire to confront through literature the problems associated with his cultural heritage that continued to plague him. After producing 9 novels, 65 short stories, and receiving 265 rejections, Villaseñor sold his first novel, Macho!, which the Los Angeles Times compared to the best of John Steinbeck. This began a 12 Reprinted, in part, from the author’s website at http://victorvillasenor.com. An Educator’s Guide to the Mexican Revolution 83
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! viva la revolución ! an educator
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Acknowledgments This educator’s g
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using this guide in the classroom T
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virtually no possibility for contin
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THE HUERTA DICTATORSHIP In the nort
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SYMBOLS OF THE REVOLUTION The Mexic
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porfirio Díaz (1830 - 1915) Porfir
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Francisco I. Madero (1873 - 1913) F
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Pascual Orozco (1882 - 1915) Pascua
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Emiliano Zapata (1879 - 1919) Zapat
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\\ During ten tragic days (“La De
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The Mexican Revolution: Film Materi
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scavenger hunt curriculum Introduct
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olution, use the pictures to create
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An Educator’s Guide to the Mexica
Page 31 and 32: An Educator’s Guide to the Mexica
Page 37 and 38: giuseppe garibaldi Location: Europe
Page 41 and 42: References for Images 1. Peasant fr
Page 43 and 44: a bada** retelling of the mexican r
Page 45 and 46: a bada** retelling of the mexican r
Page 47 and 48: Villa was PISSED OFF. Apparently th
Page 49 and 50: Materials \\ Copies of roles for ea
Page 51 and 52: The Convention at Aguascalientes Qu
Page 53 and 54: ernor of his then-home state of Chi
Page 55 and 56: The Convention at Aguascalientes: \
Page 57 and 58: to join forces at the hacienda of C
Page 59 and 60: By the fall of 1914, Carranza had d
Page 61 and 62: The Convention at Aguascalientes: V
Page 63 and 64: When Villa attacked Columbus, New M
Page 65 and 66: epresentations: los de abajo by mar
Page 67 and 68: Context of Los de Abajo/The Underdo
Page 69 and 70: XI XII 1. How do you think Camila f
Page 71 and 72: Part Two I 1. What kind of reputati
Page 73 and 74: fighting. 2. Why do you think the t
Page 77 and 78: Procedure Using the excerpts includ
Page 79 and 80: Questions 1. In what ways does this
Page 81: “He sat down, crossed his legs, a
Page 85 and 86: primary documents of the mexican re
Page 87 and 88: Materials \\ Copy of primary source
Page 89 and 90: women of the revolution: soldaderas
Page 91 and 92: Women in the Mexican Revolution: El
Page 93 and 94: to all the severities of both man a
Page 95 and 96: had wanted to, she could have marri
Page 97 and 98: Corrido Examples: La Rielera, Adeli
Page 99 and 100: Additional Resources The Kennedy Ce
Page 101 and 102: .Corrido: La adelita On the top of
Page 103 and 104: distinguishing features of corridos
Page 105 and 106: Hall, Linda. Álvaro Obregón: Powe
Page 107 and 108: Public Broadcasting Service (PBS):
Page 109 and 110: slideshow of images
Page 111 and 112: Núm. 6055 | Elementos de tropa vil
Page 113 and 114: Núm. 6734 | Francisco Villa y Orne
Page 115 and 116: Núm. 5015 | Soldado federal con su
Page 117 and 118: Núm. 5214 | Tropas cristeras duran
Page 119 and 120: Núm. 5227 | Francisco Villa conver
Page 121 and 122: Núm. 5281 | Hombres juntos a estac
Page 123 and 124: Núm. 5316 | Francisco Villa e hijo
Page 125 and 126: Núm. 5694 | Francisco Villa, Migue
Page 127 and 128: Núm. 5710 | Revolucionarios zapati
Page 129 and 130: Núm. 6388 | Soldaderas preparan co
Page 131 and 132: Núm. 5754 | Soldado federal se des
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Núm. 5904 | Villista carga rifles
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literature: the underdogs
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The Underdogs by Mariano Azuela A N
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house God's truth, which is it" "Of
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doing this dog's job. But look here
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They rushed forward to greet Demetr
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Anastasio Montanez said, examining
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A soldier fell into the water; at e
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teeth and fulfilled the office of m
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little girl!" V Suddenly awakening,
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"What kind of beasts are you" the p
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death upon bandits in the columns o
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placably mortal hatred of the upper
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"Well, I'll soon find out if this t
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oiled water and some rags. With unf
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She sat down beside Remigia Indian-
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said the wrinkled old woman, drawin
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wound, examined it carefully, and s
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Look here, Tenderfoot, I want to te
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XII Demetrio's wound had already he
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A few moments later, amid cries of
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corpse,see "All right: that's just
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evolution. It is not true that you
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without taking the slightest notice
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That evening, there was much merrym
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Meco, prancing forward on his horse
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At midnight Demetrio Macias ordered
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uttered a piercing cry and fell fro
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To His Honor the Minister for War,
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In vain an old sergeant harangued t
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Cervantes said: "With men like Gene
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a race that awaits redemption!" He
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Heavy, plated mirrors, brass candle
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of staff, remarked somewhat ironica
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know. Nor did he know when Demetrio
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columns of a warehouse and the towe
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Goddamned sunset. And I let him go
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waiter, "I'm feeling sick. Just bri
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and War Paint plunged their hands i
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"How much do you want for them" Pan
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"You don't know this fellow Blondie
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Luis Cervantes saw that the last re
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you know. That girl is your kind, s
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There was a sound of doors being be
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meat, the mob bursts in, trampling
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the patio, which had been converted
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thinking it wouldn't show much guts
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"Poor little child! Tell me how all
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"Make ready, all you darling Jalisc
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oner. "Do you want to know why Beca
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torn trousers, split at the seam, l
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sierra. . . . If you only knew. . .
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Luis Cervantes gave himself away. H
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lines to which Demetrio appended an
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for orders from the Chief. Demetrio
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Maybe he knew, I never knew. The bl
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said to the young waiter: "Here, ki
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seats. Suddenly a woman who has sto
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The streets in Aguascalientes were
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"Villa Obregon Carranza What's the
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tus opened out, fresh, solid, aflam
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wrinkled as though a black shadow h
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tiously: "These are bad times and y
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caught in a single tear." Then he c
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killing and killing. But there's no
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VI Demetrio Macias' wife, mad with
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The spirit of nomadic tribes stirre
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literature: los de abajo
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PRIMERA PARTE —Te digo que no es
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II Todo era sombra todavía cuando
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aquel pitayo!... ¡Hijo de...! ¡To
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Un chico gordinflón, de piel moren
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— Correligionario, mi jefe..., es
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Camila se cubrió de rubor, y como
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—Señá Remigia, emprésteme unos
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— ¡Mientes!... — Sí; le diste
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Camila sintió que de su pecho algo
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— Allá voy... No he terminado: "
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Ella siguió la vereda del arroyo.
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tubo de hierro y perillas de latón
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escapar al enemigo. —Yo mismo voy
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Los hombres, inclinados ahora, se d
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—Allí vienen ya los gorrudos —
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Luego se hablaba de los aeroplanos
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Y su mano tendida señaló la estac
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Demetrio. — A la orden —le cont
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Demetrio clavó sus ojos de aguiluc
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— ¡Hum! —interrumpió la Pinta
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Villita... ¿Miento, curro... ¡Que
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Demetrio sonríe, y ya sin más con
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defenderíamos ahora — Eso es cos
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— Si yo pudiera coger vivo a Pasc
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Anduvo, y su paso marcó un compás
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Luis Cervantes templó la brida de
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Hubo protestas calurosas; algunos s
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Una bala rebotó en el cemento, pas
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—¡Hum, pa las máquinas de coser
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TERCERA PARTE I "El Paso, Tex., may
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—¿Derrotado el general Villa...
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podrido, con las casas grises, con
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—¡Papeles, sí!... ¡Eso nos han
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literature: death of an assassin
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General Diaz to impose a successor
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plan de san luis de potosí creador
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gen ni otra base que la voluntad na
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leyes promulgadas por la actual adm
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el agraciado no aceptara por cualqu
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vida, parte de las promesas que hiz
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the governing powers and corrupted
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obtain ejidos, colonies, and founda
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plan de ayala CREADO POR emiliano z
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II. Se desconoce como Jefe de la Re
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XIV. Si el presidente Madero y dem
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5. When the Constitutionalist Army
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hubiere sido electo. VII. El ciudad
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