ED-MEDIA 1999 Proceedings Book - Association for the ...

Responsibilities:
R1: If a teacher role sets quiz paper, then all student roles must submit their answer in one day.
R2: If a student role submits his/her answer, then a TA role must revise the answer in two days.
R3: If a TA role revise a student’s answer, then the student role must read the revised answer in two days.
R4: If a teacher role set a quiz paper, then a TA role must announce correct answer in two days.
Figure 2: Quiz activity
Figure 3: Web interface of activity regulation tool
The activity regulation tool interface is illustrated in figure 3. To organize the learning groups, the
instructor can include a set of the participants in the activity regulation tool. For instance, the quiz activity in
figure 2 includes four participants in a learning group to perform the quiz activity. Furthermore, the roles and
role assignment allows instructors to organize the activity. For instance, an instructor can specify that a quiz
activity involves Student, Teacher, and Teaching Assistant (TA) and assign each participant in the learning
group to play appropriate roles. In addition, the activity model also contains a set of actions that participants
can perform in the learning activity. As illustrated in figure 3, instructors can organize activities by the
provided activity regulation tool.
In addition, to specify the capability of each participating role, the activity regulation tool allows
instructors to specify a set of capability grants. The capability grants indicate whether a participating role can
perform an action at a moment in a learning activity. There are four cases when a participating role performs
an action. (1) Statically accessible: A participating role can always perform an action. For example, a student
can always read quiz paper as given in G1 in figure 2. (2) Statically inaccessible: A participating role can not
perform an action. For example, a student can not revise other students’ answer. In this case, there is no
capability grand in the activity model. (3) Privately accessible: An action can only be performed by a particular
participating role. An example is that a student can only read the revised answer of his/her answer. Other
students are not allowed to read the revised answer. Hence, the access grant G10 is set in the quiz activity. (4)
Temporally accessible: A participating role can perform an action only at some moment during the activity.
For instance, a student can not read the correct answer until he/she has submitted his/her answer as regulated
in G4. Another example is that a student can not submit his/her answer one day after the teacher set the quiz
paper (G13). To specify these temporal properties, a temporal concept is required.
Many temporal formalisms such as temporal logic, timed temporal logic and metric temporal logic
(MTL)(Alur and Henzinger 1997) are available to specify the temporal property. For instance, the capability
grant G4 in figure 2 regulates that a student role can not read correct answer until he/she has Submitted
his/her answer. This capability grant can be expressed in MTL as not ReadCorrectAnswer Until Submit. And