In many areas, access to communication links is becoming limited by congestion as <strong>the</strong> available number of simultaneous connections is reached. Internet connection and <strong>the</strong> resulting longer connection periods will only increase this problem. Quality of Power Supply This can indirectly affect communications. Many properties are on <strong>the</strong> SWER (Single Wire Earth Return). Power supplied was often inconsistent and subject to surges and brown-out which have <strong>the</strong> capacity to seriously damage computer and o<strong>the</strong>r communications equipment. Generators on properties where reticulated power is unavailable can also supply less than quality power. Electrical noise suppression equipment was in many cases below standard or non existent. The Cost of Telephone Calls to Access <strong>the</strong> Internet. Viruses There is a disparity in call charging and a total confusion about <strong>the</strong> multitude of options available to remote consumers. A virus attack in an isolated community, without local expertise or access to up-to-date virus eradication tools, could easily render <strong>the</strong> system useless and instantly isolate <strong>the</strong> community from <strong>the</strong> Internet. A good anti virus program is essential, but because of <strong>the</strong> lack of local expertise more than just a good program is necessary. For this reason we recommend <strong>the</strong> locally produced “Vet” product from Computer Associates (<strong>for</strong>mally Cybec). Apart from being an internationally recognised leader in anti-virus technology <strong>the</strong> support services offered by Computer Associates are uniquely suited to isolated communities. (http://www.cybec.com.au). Lessons Learnt Firstly, it is much cheaper to take one trainer to ten people than is <strong>the</strong> reverse. Secondly our training <strong>the</strong> trainer model provides a valuable ongoing resource <strong>for</strong> Australian families in remote areas to access and use <strong>the</strong> Net. The inadequacies of <strong>the</strong> existing system will become more apparent as properties take advantage of <strong>the</strong> Internet to <strong>the</strong> Outback program and connect to <strong>the</strong> Internet. Telecommunications providers should be looking at providing data transfer at rates that match <strong>the</strong> best modem levels now available. A speed of no less than 33600 should be <strong>the</strong> minimum acceptable rate. Most remote areas would be happy to achieve speeds above 9600. Web Central Monash students are currently developing a web site to facilitate many aspects of <strong>the</strong> VISE project. The development address is be http://gupta.ct.monash.edu.au/vise.Visitors should appreciate that it will be in a state of developmental flux <strong>for</strong> most of <strong>1999</strong>, however visitor feedback will be carefully considered and gratefully appreciated. Conclusion Emerging satellite services may prove to be a more cost-effective method of providing reliable access to all Internet services. The response to <strong>the</strong> “Internet to <strong>the</strong> Outback” project by has demonstrated an overwhelming need <strong>for</strong> hands-on training to be delivered in <strong>the</strong> bush. Many of <strong>the</strong> people involved directly and indirectly in <strong>the</strong> project have indicated that previous projects, although providing hardware to outback properties, have not achieved <strong>the</strong>ir expected outcomes. The commitment of <strong>the</strong> volunteers to invest <strong>the</strong>ir time into <strong>the</strong> project is having multiple pay-offs <strong>for</strong> participants in taking <strong>the</strong> Internet to <strong>the</strong> bush. The project has listened to <strong>the</strong> needs of people in <strong>the</strong> bush and is delivering “bush solutions”. The success can be attributed to simply listening to <strong>the</strong> users, a strategy too often overlooked in our rush to spread <strong>the</strong> technological message with hardware alone. References Candy, P. (1991). Self-direction <strong>for</strong> life-long learning: A comprehensive guide to <strong>the</strong>ory and practice. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Freire, P. and Shor, I. (1987). A pedagogy <strong>for</strong> liberation: Dialogues on trans<strong>for</strong>ming education. London. Macmillan Education. IRL. (1998). IRL Seven Principles. Institute <strong>for</strong> Research on Learning, Kemmis, S. and McTaggart, R. (1988). The Action Research Planner, 3rd. ed. Deakin University Press. Laurillard, D. (1993). Rethinking university teaching: A framework <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> effective use of educational technology. London: Routledge. Negroponte, N. (1995). Being Digital: <strong>the</strong> road map <strong>for</strong> survival on <strong>the</strong> in<strong>for</strong>mation superhighway. Australia: Hodder & Stoughton. Oldenburg, R. (1989). The great good place. New York: Paragon House. Owen, J. (1993). Program evaluation: Forms and approaches. NSW: Allen and Unwin. Petre, D. (1996). The clever country: Australia's digital future. NSW: Landsdowne Publishing. Rogers, C. (1969). Freedom to learn. Ohio: Merrill Publishing. Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC) (1997). The Australian Farmers Guide to <strong>the</strong> Internet, Farmwide Pty Ltd, Sibillin, A., O'Sullivan, K., Letch, J., Higgins, D. and Heywood, K. (1996). The Virtual University Symposium 21-22 November, University of Melbourne. Moriarty, G. (1998). Telstra puts <strong>the</strong> Outback in front. Telstra Media Release, May. The Economist (1995). A survey of telecommunications: <strong>the</strong> death of distance-a giant ef<strong>for</strong>t. September 30. In<strong>for</strong>mation Sources In<strong>for</strong>mation <strong>for</strong> this paper has been ga<strong>the</strong>red from <strong>the</strong> following sources: Grazing Properties Baymore, Bunginderry, Dellerain, Su<strong>the</strong>rland and
Norfolk Stations. Schools of Distance Education or Schools of <strong>the</strong> Air: Hay, Broken Hill, Tibaburra, Cobar, Burke, Charleville, Emerald, Longreach, Charters Towers, Cairns, Mt Isa, Alice Springs and Port Augusta. Line testing was carried out in all <strong>the</strong> above locations as well as Richmond and Tennant Creek. Hardware support IBM, Corporate Community Relations. Related Web Sites Monash University http://gupta.ct.monash.edu.au/vise University of Ballarat http://www.ballarat.edu.au/vise Networking <strong>the</strong> Nation http://www.dca.gov.au Hyundai Country Music Muster http://www.muster.com.au
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Designing an Interactive Learning E
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develop an educationally meaningful
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2. Functionality of the BSCW System
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3. First empirical findings During
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of the users as participating actor
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A web site system for instructors t
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is to monitor the status of learner
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the capability grant G13 as Not Set
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Slavin R.(1994), Small group method
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tutor. Support offered in the form
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Apart from utilising the functional
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Rogoff, B., & Lave, J. (Ed.). (1984
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Java can significantly increase the
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The modules are designed for a vari
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adapted tests to assess the student
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Architecture of HEZINET The system
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Berners-Lee, T. & R. Cailliau, (198
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The ParlEuNet system will provide a
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3. Students use a dedicated HTML co
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The prototype under development is
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make an hypermedia educational envi
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accreditation or standing in countr
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A government designates a certain a
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Streaming 7000 films... Uwe Sander
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and how to innovate will be paramou
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Toward a framework for instruction
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A knowledge integration approach to
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In 1978, the University formalized
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comparisons to conventional instruc
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Multimedia Cases in Teacher Educati
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Merseth, K.K. (1996). Cases and cas
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Using Multimedia to support mentors
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Conclusion The project is still und
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An Investigation into Faculty Attit
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Web-Based Testing in Distance Educa
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Selecting Internet Technologies to
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Designing and Implementing Web-Base