Fort Erie Creeks Watershed Plan - Niagara Peninsula Conservation ...

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2.1.1 Background Information Collection The main sources of information relevant to the hydrogeologic understanding of the study area have been reviewed from the following documents: • Niagara Water Quality Protection Strategy (2003) • Niagara Peninsula Conservation Authority Groundwater Study (Waterloo Hydrogeologic Inc., 2005). • Water Resources of the Niagara Frontier and the Welland River Drainage Basin (Gartner Lee Limited, 1987) • The Physiography of Southern Ontario (Chapman and Putnam, 1984) • Flint, J.J., and Lolcama, J., 1985. Buried ancestral drainage between Lake Erie and Ontario. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 97, 75-84. These studies utilize regional and subwatershed-scale geologic and hydrogeologic data with accompanying maps and discussion, including but not limited to: • Quaternary geology • Bedrock geology • Bedrock topography • Overburden thickness • Water table surface • Potentiometric surface • Specific capacities of wells • Shallow intrinsic susceptibility 2.1.2 Work Activities The following was proposed for potential field work activities: “It is not anticipated that field studies are within the current scope of this study. It is expected that this study will direct the need for, and the types of more localized field work. If specific issues do arise during the course of this study potentially related to groundwater discharge and baseflow then field techniques involving spot baseflow measurements, the installation of streambed piezometers and water quality sampling may be warranted.” The groundwater assessment relating to groundwater discharge was to rely to a greater extent on information from the aquatic and terrestrial components for potential zones of groundwater discharge. Various stream reaches were inspected for groundwater discharge. Site reconnaissance was carried out on four occasions in 2005 and 2006 approximately a week subsequent to snow melt or precipitation runoff events. Areas inspected by the hydrogeologist included the upper reaches of Black Creek, the upper and middle reaches of Beaver Creek, Frenchman’s Creek and Miller Creek; various reaches of Six Mile Creek, Bertie Bay Drain and Kraft Creek. Reaches were generally inspected at road crossings with a greater focus on areas of more permeable surficial March 2008 5 Fort Erie Creeks Watershed Plan General Report (105116)
sediment and topographic breaks. In addition, the field reconnaissance of the fisheries component was to note any potential areas for groundwater discharge. Physiography 2.1.3 Findings/Constraint Identification Chapman and Putnam, 1984 went so far as to say ‘..that the south eastern part of the Niagara Peninsula, might almost be considered as a separate sub-region, characterized by levelness and poor drainage.’ This includes the Fort Erie study area and gives rise to the very subtle groundwater flow features which will be described later. One of the major features of note within the study area is the Onondaga Escarpment which is shown on the Surficial Geology map (Figure 2). The Paleozoic bedrock dips in a north to south direction from the Niagara Escarpment towards and underneath Lake Erie. A portion of the conceptual hydrogeologic cross-section prepared by Gartner Lee, 1987 is presented in Figure 4. This north-south trending cross-section extends from St Catharines to the north to Port Colborne to the south approximately 5 km west of the western portion of the study area. The conceptual cross section shows the bedrock formations and the dipping trends. The hard limestone caprock of the Onondaga Escarpment is more resistant then the underlying shale units to the north and, as such, a bedrock trough has been eroded between the Onondaga Escarpment and the Niagara Escarpment. This trough has been filled to varying depths with alternating units of silt and clay resulting from previous episodes of glaciation and deglaciation and is designated in the more regional extent as the Haldimand Clay Plain. The southern extent of this clay plain consists of the thicker deposits of fined grained material in the north part of the study area and a thin veneer of sediment over a large portion of the bedrock plain of the Onondaga Escarpment to the south. Beach deposits associated with glacial Lake Warren can be found in the vicinity of Ridgeway and Ridgemount. Additional features include the subtle ridges associated with the Fort Erie Moraine and the Crystal Beach Moraine. The relief associated with the Onondaga Escarpment ranges from a high of approximately 200 metres above sea level (masl) at Ridgemount to 175 masl at the Lake Erie shoreline. The Onondaga Escarpment provides enough relief to affect the south eastern surface water divide for Beaver Creek. These characteristics are also evident in the NPCA Groundwater Study Fort Erie cross-section (Figure 4a). Bedrock Geology The lower-most or oldest bedrock unit in the study area is the Salina Formation which can be found in the northern part of the study area (Figure 3 Unit 5) this unit consists of dolostone and shale with significant amounts of evaporites (i.e. gypsum, salt). This unit is up to 90 m thick. Moving southward the resistant shaley dolostone of the Bertie Formation (Unit 6) overlies the Salina and provides the erosion contrast to form the Onondaga Escarpment. This unit is on the order of 10 m thick. Along the brow of the escarpment the Bois Blanc Formation (Unit 7) is approximately 4 m thick and is composed of fossiliferous cherty limestone with some shale and sandstone layers. March 2008 6 Fort Erie Creeks Watershed Plan General Report (105116)
Page 1 and 2: FORT ERIE CREEKS - WATERSHED PLAN M
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page No.
Page 5 and 6: TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page No.
Page 7 and 8: TABLE OF CONTENTS GENERAL REPORT AP
Page 9 and 10: 1.3 Administration This study has b
Page 11: 2. WATERSHED AREA CHARACTERIZATION
Page 15 and 16: The make up of the Halton Till and
Page 17 and 18: Any modest level of additional grou
Page 19 and 20: NPCA Groundwater Study did delineat
Page 21 and 22: oundary under the Drainage Act. The
Page 23 and 24: The majority of the urban areas of
Page 25 and 26: groups. A soil map based on the hyd
Page 27 and 28: Baker Creek TABLE 2.2.5: Con’t SU
Page 29 and 30: Creek and Baker Creek have higher u
Page 31 and 32: Location Node TABLE 2.2.8: FREQUENC
Page 33 and 34: RiverCAD TM has been used to develo
Page 35 and 36: Culvert ID Watersheds TABLE 2.3.1:
Page 37 and 38: Culvert ID Watersheds TABLE 2.3.1:
Page 39 and 40: agricultural purposes prior to 1955
Page 41 and 42: fields. Due to the scale and qualit
Page 43 and 44: were constructed between 1978 and 2
Page 45 and 46: level survey of the site extending
Page 47 and 48: Field Investigations 2.5.2 Work Act
Page 49 and 50: Marginal Habitat: those fisheries h
Page 51 and 52: natural channel, except for a 1.3 k
Page 53 and 54: The fish community in the lower por
Page 55 and 56: TABLE 2.5.2: RECENT MINISTRY OF NAT
Page 57 and 58: Characterization of the natural her
Page 59 and 60: TABLE 2.6.1: TERRESTRIAL NATURAL HE
Page 61 and 62: The soil units included in each lan
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• Percent of interior forest: >10
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Subwatershed TABLE 2.6.4: COVER TYP
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The main percentage shift from “o
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and 1976. These changes removed a f
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The regulated species are listed in
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TABLE 2.6.9: PROVINCIALLY & NATIONA
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illed Gull (spring migration only),
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ated Locally Significant, a high pr
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subwatersheds, many of the forest p
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proportions; many of the mesic site
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TABLE 2.7.4: NPCA BENTHIC INVERTEBR
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Site ID Date Alkalinity Aluminum Am
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Page 91 and 92:
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A review of the NPCA water quality
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TABLE 2.7.1 SUMMARY OF ANNUAL CONTA
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The Lake Erie Shoreline Management
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ackshore. In most area, the structu
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3. SUMMARY OF POLICIES, OBJECTIVES
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TABLE 3.1.1: SUMMARY OF ACTS AND GU
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Level of Government Regional Level
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The Clean Water Protection Act 2006
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3.1.3 Stream Morphology It is NPCA
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Type 3: areas with low productive c
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The principles advanced in the docu
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TABLE 3.1.3: SUMMARY OF POLICIES, S
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e) To ensure the preservation of La
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• Prevent installation of barrier
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Targets: • Priority to long-term
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The purpose of the hydrologic model
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Watershed / Subcatchment TABLE 4.1.
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TABLE 4.1.4: 100 YEAR PEAK FLOW COM
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Watershed Damage Location NPCA Floo
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not necessarily reflect absolute ch
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potentially increase the erosion in
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TABLE 4.22: SUMMARY OF ANNUAL CONTA
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Several Special Policy Areas includ
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TABLE 4.3.2: TERRESTRIAL NATURAL HE
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TABLE 4.3.2: TERRESTRIAL NATURAL HE
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Subwatershed TABLE 4.3.4: MODERATE
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Similar to other Fort Erie Creeks,
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the channel as part of the Niagara
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In order to summarize the findings
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lakes, seepage areas, recharge/disc
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Regional Municipality of Niagara ca
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• Maintain existing shading veget
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d) Restoration of the slough mosaic
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‣ Enhancement for subwatersheds w
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and value of the stream system. The
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If there is no registered floodplai
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TABLE 5.3.1: INTEGRATED WATERCOURSE
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communities in natural channels wit
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TABLE 5.3.5: INTEGRATED RATING OF T
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TABLE 5.3.7: INTEGRATED RATING OF T
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% wetland % original wetland** TABL
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TABLE 5.3.11: INTEGRATED RATING OF
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TABLE 5.3.13: INTEGRATED RATING OF
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5.4 Local Subwatershed Opportunitie
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ase conditions have almost eliminat
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c) Confirm and/or refine wetland bo
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• Kraft Drain north of Dominion R
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REACH NAME TABLE 5.4.3: PLANNING LE
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TABLE 5.4.6: SUMMARY OF LOCAL OPPOR
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TABLE 5.4.10: SUMMARY OF LOCAL OPPO
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TABLE 5.4.14: SUMMARY OF LOCAL OPPO
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Watercourses (erosion, fisheries) T
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In addition to the priority assigne
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TABLE 6.1.2: SUMMARY OF PRIORITIZED
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TABLE 6.1.6: SUMMARY OF PRIORITIZED
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TABLE 6.1.10: SUMMARY OF PRIORITIZE
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Cost Summary Each of the subwatersh
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In terms of water quality, the NPCA
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REFERENCES American Forests, 1999.
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Kingston, M.S. and E.W. Presant. 19
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS Alluvial Soil Sed
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Enhancement Strategies and actions
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Hydraulics Science pertaining to fl
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Off-line Stormwater infrastructure
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Settlement Area In the Fort Erie Cr
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ECA EIS EMC END EPA FEC FRC HEC-RAS
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