Fort Erie Creeks Watershed Plan - Niagara Peninsula Conservation ...

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Two hydrograph algorithms have been used in the watershed model: CALIB NASHYD has been used for the rural subcatchments and CALIB STANDHYD has been used for the urban subcatchments. Any subcatchment with an impervious coverage of less than 10 % has been considered to be rural, and a subcatchment with an impervious coverage of greater than 10 % has been assumed to be urban. The existing land use model parameters are listed in Table 2.2.4. The hydrologic routing, (i.e. routing of flows through creeks and reaches), has been modeled using the ROUTE CHANNEL algorithm. This algorithm requires a typical cross-section, which represents the channel and floodplain of each reach. A total of 17 typical sections have been determined based on the digital topographic mapping and applied over similar reaches throughout the study area. Subwatershed Delineation and Parameterization Previous studies that defined the watershed boundaries and municipal drains have been used as the starting point for the delineation of the subwatersheds (e.g. the Marshall Macklin Monaghan NPCA Watershed Study in 1986, which used the MNR 1:10,000 OBM for base mapping). All watershed boundaries provided by the Town were developed by Drainage Engineers and adopted by Town By-law, and therefore can only be changed using the process stipulated under the Drainage Act. For this study, the updated digital base mapping (Region, 2002), with 0.5 m contours, has been used to delineate the subwatersheds. Sixteen subwatersheds have been identified within the study area (ref. Table 2.2.1). The total drainage area of the Fort Erie Creeks varies from 7 ha to 10656 ha. Within each watershed there are subwatersheds of smaller size. The subwatershed boundaries have been shown in Figure 8 and the schematics of subwatersheds are shown in Figure 9. TABLE 2.2.1: STUDY AREA SUBWATERSHEDS Watershed Name Drainage Area (ha) Watershed Name Drainage Area (ha) Black Creek (Confluence with Beaver Creek) 6374 Fort Erie (urban Area) 397 Beaver Creek (Confluence with Black Creek) 3777 Lakeshore (urban Area) 364 (Black Creek at Outlet) 10656 Niagara River # 16 87 Six Mile Creek 1805 Niagara River # 19 159 Frenchman’s Creek 1640 Niagara River # 20 7 Miller Creek 901 Niagara River # 21 36 Baker Creek 431 Niagara River # 22 60 Bertie Bay Drains 826 Lake Erie #1 41 Kraft Drain 555 The Frenchman’s Creek hydrologic model has not been updated as part of this study since the NPCA developed the hydrology and updated the floodplain mapping of the creek in May 2004. The previously defined Frenchman’s Creek watershed boundary has been used as part of the watershed delineation results of this study. March 2008 15 Fort Erie Creeks Watershed Plan General Report (105116)
The majority of the urban areas of the Town of Fort Erie drain to Lake Erie and the Niagara River via numerous outlets. For the purpose of this study, the urban area has been “lumped” into subwatersheds according to their location. The urban area draining to the Lake Erie has been delineated with two subwatersheds: namely Fort Erie and Lakeshore, divided by the QEW. Similarly, the Niagara River subwatersheds #16, 19, 20, 21, and 22 are small urban subwatersheds along the Niagara River, which drain directly or indirectly to the river. Of the sixteen study subwatersheds, five subwatersheds drain to Lake Erie, namely: Six Mile Creek, Bertie Bay Drains, Kraft Drain, Lakeshore and Lake Erie-1; while the rest of the subwatersheds drain to the Niagara River. Physiographic Data and Land Use Overall, the topography of the land is relatively flat with average overland slopes of less than 1%. The floodplains slope towards the creeks are generally relatively steep, that is greater than 3%, towards the creeks, along major creek tributaries. The hydrologic parameter “length of flow” has been estimated between the most remote areas of a subwatershed to the outlet of each watershed. Accordingly, the overland slope has been estimated. A database of all watersheds and subwatersheds has been prepared (ref. Appendix ‘SW-A’). The parameter ‘time to peak’ has been estimated for all rural subwatersheds based on subwatershed data using the following relationship (ref: HYMO User’s Manual, USDA, May 1973, calculations are included in Appendix ‘SW-A’): T p = 0.133 0.422 −0.46 ⎛ L ⎞ 0.0086 ⎟ ⎠ Tp = Time to Peak (hr) A = Total Basin Area, (ha) S = Slope, (m/m) L = Overland Flow Length, (m) W = A / L, (m) A ⎜ ⎝W Where, The STANDHYD command requires the parameter “directly connected imperviousness” for each urban subcatchment, which is the measure of the impervious area that is directly connected to the outlet, (e.g. the storm sewer network). Considering the nature of the urban area, with roadside swales and areas where the overall imperviousness is 30%, only 10 % of the impervious area would be assumed to be directly connected. Initial abstraction (I a ) has been estimated using following relation: S I a = 0.2 [25.4 ((1000/CN) – 10)] (mm) March 2008 16 Fort Erie Creeks Watershed Plan General Report (105116)
Page 1 and 2: FORT ERIE CREEKS - WATERSHED PLAN M
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page No.
Page 5 and 6: TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page No.
Page 7 and 8: TABLE OF CONTENTS GENERAL REPORT AP
Page 9 and 10: 1.3 Administration This study has b
Page 11 and 12: 2. WATERSHED AREA CHARACTERIZATION
Page 13 and 14: sediment and topographic breaks. In
Page 15 and 16: The make up of the Halton Till and
Page 17 and 18: Any modest level of additional grou
Page 19 and 20: NPCA Groundwater Study did delineat
Page 21: oundary under the Drainage Act. The
Page 25 and 26: groups. A soil map based on the hyd
Page 27 and 28: Baker Creek TABLE 2.2.5: Con’t SU
Page 29 and 30: Creek and Baker Creek have higher u
Page 31 and 32: Location Node TABLE 2.2.8: FREQUENC
Page 33 and 34: RiverCAD TM has been used to develo
Page 35 and 36: Culvert ID Watersheds TABLE 2.3.1:
Page 37 and 38: Culvert ID Watersheds TABLE 2.3.1:
Page 39 and 40: agricultural purposes prior to 1955
Page 41 and 42: fields. Due to the scale and qualit
Page 43 and 44: were constructed between 1978 and 2
Page 45 and 46: level survey of the site extending
Page 47 and 48: Field Investigations 2.5.2 Work Act
Page 49 and 50: Marginal Habitat: those fisheries h
Page 51 and 52: natural channel, except for a 1.3 k
Page 53 and 54: The fish community in the lower por
Page 55 and 56: TABLE 2.5.2: RECENT MINISTRY OF NAT
Page 57 and 58: Characterization of the natural her
Page 59 and 60: TABLE 2.6.1: TERRESTRIAL NATURAL HE
Page 61 and 62: The soil units included in each lan
Page 63 and 64: • Percent of interior forest: >10
Page 65 and 66: Subwatershed TABLE 2.6.4: COVER TYP
Page 67 and 68: The main percentage shift from “o
Page 69 and 70: and 1976. These changes removed a f
Page 71 and 72: The regulated species are listed in
Page 73 and 74:
TABLE 2.6.9: PROVINCIALLY & NATIONA
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illed Gull (spring migration only),
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ated Locally Significant, a high pr
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subwatersheds, many of the forest p
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proportions; many of the mesic site
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TABLE 2.7.4: NPCA BENTHIC INVERTEBR
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Site ID Date Alkalinity Aluminum Am
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Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
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A review of the NPCA water quality
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TABLE 2.7.1 SUMMARY OF ANNUAL CONTA
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The Lake Erie Shoreline Management
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ackshore. In most area, the structu
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3. SUMMARY OF POLICIES, OBJECTIVES
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TABLE 3.1.1: SUMMARY OF ACTS AND GU
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Level of Government Regional Level
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The Clean Water Protection Act 2006
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3.1.3 Stream Morphology It is NPCA
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Type 3: areas with low productive c
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The principles advanced in the docu
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TABLE 3.1.3: SUMMARY OF POLICIES, S
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e) To ensure the preservation of La
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• Prevent installation of barrier
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Targets: • Priority to long-term
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The purpose of the hydrologic model
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Watershed / Subcatchment TABLE 4.1.
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TABLE 4.1.4: 100 YEAR PEAK FLOW COM
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Watershed Damage Location NPCA Floo
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not necessarily reflect absolute ch
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potentially increase the erosion in
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TABLE 4.22: SUMMARY OF ANNUAL CONTA
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Several Special Policy Areas includ
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TABLE 4.3.2: TERRESTRIAL NATURAL HE
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TABLE 4.3.2: TERRESTRIAL NATURAL HE
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Subwatershed TABLE 4.3.4: MODERATE
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Similar to other Fort Erie Creeks,
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the channel as part of the Niagara
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In order to summarize the findings
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lakes, seepage areas, recharge/disc
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Regional Municipality of Niagara ca
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• Maintain existing shading veget
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d) Restoration of the slough mosaic
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‣ Enhancement for subwatersheds w
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and value of the stream system. The
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If there is no registered floodplai
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TABLE 5.3.1: INTEGRATED WATERCOURSE
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communities in natural channels wit
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TABLE 5.3.5: INTEGRATED RATING OF T
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TABLE 5.3.7: INTEGRATED RATING OF T
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% wetland % original wetland** TABL
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TABLE 5.3.11: INTEGRATED RATING OF
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TABLE 5.3.13: INTEGRATED RATING OF
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5.4 Local Subwatershed Opportunitie
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ase conditions have almost eliminat
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c) Confirm and/or refine wetland bo
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• Kraft Drain north of Dominion R
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REACH NAME TABLE 5.4.3: PLANNING LE
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TABLE 5.4.6: SUMMARY OF LOCAL OPPOR
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TABLE 5.4.10: SUMMARY OF LOCAL OPPO
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TABLE 5.4.14: SUMMARY OF LOCAL OPPO
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Watercourses (erosion, fisheries) T
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In addition to the priority assigne
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TABLE 6.1.2: SUMMARY OF PRIORITIZED
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TABLE 6.1.6: SUMMARY OF PRIORITIZED
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TABLE 6.1.10: SUMMARY OF PRIORITIZE
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Cost Summary Each of the subwatersh
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In terms of water quality, the NPCA
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REFERENCES American Forests, 1999.
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Kingston, M.S. and E.W. Presant. 19
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS Alluvial Soil Sed
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Enhancement Strategies and actions
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Hydraulics Science pertaining to fl
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Off-line Stormwater infrastructure
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Settlement Area In the Fort Erie Cr
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ECA EIS EMC END EPA FEC FRC HEC-RAS
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