294 INDEX. Diogenes the Cynic, 12. Henry II., 144, 182, 187 seq., 244,|245. seq. ; Western, 109, 110, 113. Happiness, its place in Aristotle s phil osophy, 10 in later Greek Monks, <strong>and</strong> bishops, 121, 122; clerics, ; philosophy, 122 ; laymen, 120 ; learning <strong>of</strong>. 134 seq. ; 10, 14, 29. missionary work <strong>of</strong>, 128, 210 ; relation Harding, Stephen, 154, 155. <strong>of</strong>, to Abbot, 119 ; relation <strong>of</strong>, to Pope, Hegel, 103. 122 seq. Henry I., 157, 158. Monte Cassino, 112, 116. Diogenes Laertius, quoted, 17, 20. Dion Cassius, quoted, 52. Dion Chrysostom, quoted, 53. Henry IV., Emperor, 182. Henry V., Emperor, 183. Hildebr<strong>and</strong>, see Gregory VII. Dominicans, rule <strong>of</strong>, 226; Papal See <strong>and</strong>, 226. Edward III., 276,281,282. Individualism, Greek, 8 seq. ; Jewish, 8 ; necessity <strong>of</strong>, 10, 11. Innocent II., Pope, 157 seq. Eightpenny, Osbern, 186. Innocent III., Pope, 142, 204, 205, 206, Eleanor <strong>of</strong> Aquitaine, 244, 245. Engl<strong>and</strong>, under Edward 208 ; dominion <strong>of</strong>, 220 seq., 267 seq. III., 276; <strong>and</strong> Innocent IV., Pope, 273. monastic orders, 129. Epictetus, 55, 59, 95; quoted, 63 Investitures, ; apathy <strong>of</strong>, 37 ; Cynics <strong>and</strong>, 29, 38 ; his char acter, 40 ; his despair, 47, 63, 84 ; idea John, King, 245, 267, 268, 281. <strong>of</strong> God, 41, 74 ; on immortality, 44 ; John XXIII. , Pope, 274. on social relations, 45 relation ; <strong>of</strong>, to John <strong>of</strong> Gaunt, 287. Christianity, 57 seq., 64, 73 seq. John <strong>of</strong> St. Paul, 222. Epicureanism, 7, 10, 14, 133; Joinville de happiness<strong>and</strong>, Champagne, 251, 252, 15, 29; individualism <strong>and</strong>, 11, 14, 133; its secret, 25 seq. ; place given by, to quoted, 257, 258, 260, 261, 262. Juilly, Nunnery <strong>of</strong>. 154. sensation, 19, 21, 22; pleasure its aim, 17, 19, 30 ; relation <strong>of</strong>, to society, Lactantius, quoted, 26. 23, 33 ; scepticism <strong>and</strong>, 15 ; temperance pleasure, 19, 20 ; theory <strong>of</strong> matter, Lanfranc, 182. Languedoc, heresy in, 223, 245 ; in 12th 21 ; theory <strong>of</strong> outward world, 22, 23, century, 160. 31 ; theory <strong>of</strong> religion, 22, 24 ; theory Leontium, 17, 18. <strong>of</strong> virtue, 30. Libanius, quoted, 54. Epicurus, 16 seq., 36; his character, 16, Lothair II., Emperor, 17, 18, 25 his ; followers, 24, 25 157, 158. ; his Louis IX., see St. Louis. friends, 16, 23 ; letters <strong>of</strong>, 18, 19 ; St. Louis le Gros, 157, 244. Paul <strong>and</strong>, 19, 24. Eremites, 106. Etampes, Council at, 157. Lucian, quoted, 25, 51, 52. Lucretius, 16, 24 Lutterworth, 279, 288. Euripides, quoted, 42. Eusebius, quoted, 23. Marcus Aurelius, 56, 73 ; approximation to Christianity, 56 seq., 62, 64, 74 seq. ; Fanaticism, 97. attitude towards Christians, 78, 80, Feudalism, 246 seq. 178 ; despair <strong>of</strong>, 87 ; his character, 59, Fitzralph, Archbishop, 280. 60; his teachers, 61; Meditations, Fontaines, 150, 151. Fox, George, 230. quoted, 61 seq., 75. Margaret <strong>of</strong> Provence, 254. Francis, Saint, see St. Francis. Maurice, Emperor, 134. Franciscan Order, 214 institution ; <strong>of</strong>, Mendicant Orders, 141, 142, 143, 177, 208, 221 seq. ; Order <strong>of</strong> Penitence, 230; 210, 279, 280 : see also Dominicans <strong>and</strong> Papal See <strong>and</strong>, 226, 228 ; rule <strong>of</strong>, 226. Frederick Barbarossa, Emperor, 125, 1 78. Franciscans. Middle Ages, 99, 100; formation <strong>of</strong> Chris Frederic II., Emperor, 220, 238. Society in, 101, 102 ; growth <strong>of</strong> Friars, see Mendicant Orders. nations in, 206, 240, 242 ; learning <strong>of</strong>, Fulda, 123, 135. 166, 206, 246, 271 ; secular life <strong>and</strong>, 246 seq., 271 : see also Monachism. Garden, The, <strong>of</strong> Epicurus, 17, 18, 19. Monachism, 97 seq. ; beginnings <strong>of</strong>, 106, Godfrey <strong>of</strong> Bouillon, 168. 110,120; chronicles <strong>and</strong>, 136; domestic Greece, relation <strong>of</strong>, to Renaissance, 35 ; affections <strong>and</strong>, 130 seq. ; Eastern, 102, to Rome, 35 seq. 106 seq., 110, 113; Engl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong>, 129; Gregory the Great, 125, 126, 134. its activities, 112 ; its influence on Gregory VII., 150, 178, 220, 267, 272. society, 99 seq., 108, 111, 114, 120, 128 Gregory IX., see Ugolino. se^.,134; its root idea, 105; organisation Gregory XL, 282. <strong>and</strong>, 121, 129 ; relation <strong>of</strong>, to church, Grossetete, Bishop, 273, 275. 100, 120 seq. ; secular society <strong>and</strong>, 134
INDEX. 295 family, seq. ; Papal Nicholas I., Pope, 126. See, 148, 158 ; <strong>and</strong> persecution <strong>of</strong> Jews, Numenius, quoted, 23. 169; <strong>and</strong> Peter Abelard, 160 seq. ; <strong>and</strong> his 151 Ugolino, Cardinal, 228. compared with St, Francis, 142 seq. ; Occam, 277, 278. compared with St. Thomas, 144 seq. ; Otho, Emperor, 220, 268. death <strong>of</strong>, 170 ; events <strong>of</strong> his life, 151 Oxford, University <strong>of</strong>, 277, 278. seq. ; founds Clairvaulx, 155 ; his asceticism, 99, 155, 156; his personal influence, 149 ; the monastic Pansetius <strong>of</strong> saint, 144. Rhodes, 36. Paris, 248. Benedict, 99, 110, 111, 116, 118 ; his life, 111 seq. ; his rule, 112, 113 Paris, Matthew, seq. quoted, 275. Pascal II. , Pope, Pax 183. Clara, 228. St. Clare, Order <strong>of</strong>, 228. Romana, 59, 128. Pepin, 123. Dominic, 209. St. Francis, 96, 99, 142, 143, 203, 205 ; Pericles, 53. asceticism <strong>of</strong>, 227 ; as Persius, 58. missionary, 228, Peter the Venerable, 165. 230; death <strong>of</strong>, 231 seq. ; events <strong>of</strong> his life, 206, 210 seq., 226, Petrarch, H8, quoted, 273. 230; his character, 211 seq., 227, 232; Order <strong>of</strong> Penitence, Petronius, quoted, 53. 230 ; <strong>and</strong> Philip Augustus, 240, 244, 248, 268. Pope, 220 seq. ; <strong>and</strong> poverty, 214, 226; his visions, 213, 214, 219, 231, Philip le Eel, 126, 240, 269, 270, 272. 232. <strong>Philosophers</strong>, Greek, in Rome, 51 seq. St. Louis, 242, Philosophy, Christianity <strong>and</strong>, 55, 57, 73 245; as Crusader, 255, 259 seq., 83 seq. ; early, its seq., 262; as king, 256 seq. ; as secular cosmological theories, 3, 4 ; <strong>of</strong> the Sects, see saint, 237 seq., 246, 250; attitude <strong>of</strong>, to Cynics, wards heretics, 245, 254 ; character Sceptics, <strong><strong>Stoic</strong>s</strong>, Epicureans ; Roman, <strong>of</strong>, 35 245, 252, 254, 260 seq. ; Socratic, centred in seq. ; death <strong>of</strong>, 263 ; man, 4, events <strong>of</strong> his life, 238, 251. seq. Plato, 11, quoted, 131. Paul, 19, 24, 66, 75, 76, quoted, 238. St. Thomas Poitiers, William, Count <strong>of</strong>, 159. Canterbury, 173, 203, 204, Portiuncula, church 205, 220 ; as <strong>of</strong>, 217, 226, 228. Archbishop, 191 seq. ; as Provence, heresy in, 245; in 12th Chancellor, 187 seq., 190; as ecclesiastic, century, 143 seq., 176 seq., 193 seq. birth <strong>and</strong> Pyrrho <strong>of</strong> Elis, 12, 13, 14. Richer <strong>of</strong> Laigle, 186. Roman Church <strong>and</strong> the Middle Ages, 147, ; education, 185 seq.; Church <strong>and</strong> King, 176 seq. ; his asceticism, 175 ; his atti tude to Roman See, 1 95 ; his character, 174, 175, 185, 191, 93 ] his ; death, 198 ; struggle with the King, 192 seq. 148, 176; attitude <strong>of</strong>, towards heresy, Stephen, King, 80 ; celibacy <strong>of</strong> 179, 187, 188. its clergy, 272. <strong>Stoic</strong>ism, 7, 10, 14 ; apathy <strong>of</strong>, 33, 37, Roman Empire, 79 seq. ; "Eastern, 242 ; 38; asceticism <strong>of</strong>, 29 dualism in, 242 seq. ; idea <strong>of</strong> ; "Christianity unity <strong>and</strong>, <strong>and</strong>, 37, 39, 42 seq., 56 seq., 73; Greeks 126, 241 ; Holy, 125, 240 seq. <strong>and</strong>, 34 ; happiness <strong>and</strong>, 15, 29 ; Roman See, Christendom <strong>and</strong>, 148, 176, idea <strong>of</strong> God, 30 seq., 41, 62, 88; immor 224 ; decay <strong>of</strong>, 268 seq. ; dominion <strong>of</strong>, tality <strong>and</strong>, 44, 67 ; individualism <strong>and</strong>, 220, 267 seq. ; growth <strong>of</strong> its power, 126 11, 14, 133 its ; weakness, 33, 45, 46, seq. 87 seq. ; Nature <strong>and</strong>, 32; Romans <strong>and</strong>, Rome, <strong>and</strong> Christians, 79 later ; days <strong>of</strong>, 35 seq., 57 seq., 73 seq. ; relation <strong>of</strong>, to 79 ; monachism in, 110 ; relation <strong>of</strong>, to society, 23, 32 seq., 45, 65 ; scepticism Greece, 35 ; under early Caesars, 58 ; <strong>and</strong>, 15 ; theory under Marcus virtue, 30, 37. Aurelius, 59. Subiaco, 111, 112. Suger <strong>of</strong> St. Denis, 170. Saracens, St. Francis <strong>and</strong>, 229. Sceptics, happiness <strong>and</strong>, 10, 14 ; rela tion Tacitus, 53. <strong>of</strong>, to Socrates, 12. Scutage, 189. Taurus, 55, 56. Seneca, 51 Tesselin, 151, 152. ; despair <strong>of</strong>, 58, 87 ; Epicurus Thales, 4. <strong>and</strong>, 16", 36 ; his character, 39, 58, 82 ; on function <strong>of</strong> Thebaid, The, 107, 110. philosophy, 37 ; on im mortality, 44 Theobald, ; relation <strong>of</strong>, to Chris Archbishop <strong>of</strong> Canterburv, 187, 191. tianity, 57, 62, 73 seg. Sens, Council Theophrastus, 54. <strong>of</strong>, 163, 165. Thomas Simeon Stylites, 107, 108. Aquinas, 210. Thomas Simon de Montfort, 223. Celano, qnoted, 227. Tracts <strong>and</strong> Treatises <strong>of</strong> Socrates, 3 seq., 12, 29. Wyclif, 286 290 291. St. Bernard, quoted by Wyclif, 284; <strong>and</strong> crusades, 145, 150, 15i, 167 seq. ; <strong>and</strong>
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- TS STOICS AND SAINTS LECTURES OX
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CONTENTS. LECTURE 1. ATER AGE or GR
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I. THE LATER AGE OF GEEEK PHILOSOPH
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4 LATER GREEK PHILOSOPHY. It is sig
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6 LATER GREEK PHILOSOPHY. a moral n
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8 LATER GREEK PHILOSOPHY. responsib
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10 LATER GREEK PHILOSOPHY. said to
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12 LATER GREEK PHILOSOPHY. of the S
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14 LATER GREEK PHILOSOPHY. age of d
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" 16 LATER GREEK PHILOSOPHY. n
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18 LATER GREEK PHILOSOPHY. The ques
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20 LATER GREEK PHILOSOPHY. his own
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22 LATER GREEK PHILOSOPHY. The eye
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24 LATER GREEK PHILOSOPHY. the Epic
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26 LATER GREEK PHILOSOPHY. affairs.
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II. EPICTETUS AND THE LAST EFFOET O
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THE STOIC IDEA OF GOD. 31 things re
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THE STOIC EXCLUSIVENESS. 33 that St
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STOICISM AT ROME. 35 knowable ; and
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THE ETHICS OF STOICISM. 37 was rega
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SENECA AS STOIC. 39 many disciples
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THE DIVINE FATHERHOOD. 41 was noble
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RESTEICTED IDEA OF FATHERHOOD. 43 a
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STOIC LIMITATIONS. 45 strength of s
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THE NOTE OF DESPAIR. 47 others, but
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III. MARCUS AURELIUS, AND THE APPRO
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52 MARC QS AURELIUS. of his bitter
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54 MARCUS AURELIUS. furnish instruc
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56 MARCUS AURELIUS. of Marcus Aurel
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58 MARCUS AUEEL1US. was making the
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60 MARCUS AURELIUS. questions, thos
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62 MARCUS AURELIUS. administered wi
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64 MARCUS AURELIUS. thought of the
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66 MARCUS AURELIUS. against one ano
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68 MARCUS AUEELIUS. These extracts
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IV. WHY COULD NOT THE STOIC REGENER
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74 THE STOIC FAILURE. like the idea
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76 THE STOIC FAILURE. Consolation o
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78 THE STOIC FAILURE. Christian utt
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80 THE STOIC FAILURE. The Eoman Chu
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THE STOIC FAILURE. a man was conver
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84 THE STOIC FAILURE. It must be re
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86 THE STOIC FAILURE. not to cultur
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88 THE STOIC FAILURE. as to what wa
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90 THE STOIC FAILURE. pining, and w
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92 THE STOIC FAILURE. The world whi
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V. THE MONASTIC SYSTEM, AND ITS EEL
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FANATICISM OF EARLY ASCETICS. 97 In
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MEDIEVAL SAINTHOOD ASCETIC. 99 had,
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A TRUE CHRISTIAN SOCIETY. 101 The f
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STARTLING PHRASES IN THE GOSPELS. 1
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ROOT IDEA OF MONASTICISM. 105 loves
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ORIENTAL ASCETICISM. 107 even so di
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THE MONACHISM OF THE WEST. 109 and
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BENEDICT OF NURSIA. Ill France, wer
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THE BENEDICTINE RULE. 113 believe i
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DEBT OF AGRICULTURE TO THE MONKS. 1
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BENEDICTINE OBEDIENCE. 117 their re
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CRITICISM OF THE RULE. 119 with the
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THE MONKS AND THE CHURCH. 121 sanct
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THE WORK OF BONIFACE. 123 the high
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THE UNITY OF CHRISTENDOM. 125 It mu
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FUNCTION OF THE CHURCH. 127 in hist
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SOCIAL INFLUENCE OF THE MONKS. 129
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THE MONKS AND HUMAN AFFECTIONS. 131
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THE MONKS AND PATRIOTISM. 133 tende
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LEARNING IN THE MONASTERIES. 135 me
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SUMMARY. 137 tempting theme : how t
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VI. ST. BERNARD, THE MONASTIC SAINT
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142 ST. BERNARD. Little dreamed Inn
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144 ST. BERNARD. honestly no doubt,
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146 ST. BERNARD. bringing in more s
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148 ST. BERNARD. will of its head.
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150 ST. BERNARD. that a man must ha
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152 ST. BERNARD. spicuous courage i
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154 ST. BERNARD. vaulx, and died in
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156 ST. BERNARD. in his own noble m
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158 ST. BERNARD. weight was entirel
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160 ST. BERNARD. entered a church t
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162 ST. BERNARD. of the era, he was
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164 ST. BERNARD. It is not possible
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166 ST. BERNARD. hope, our portion,
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168 ST. BERNARD. vision which was b
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170 ST. BERNARD. the persecution of
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VII. ST. THOMAS OF CANTERBURY; THE
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POWER OF THE SAINTLY IDEA. 175 hair
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INDEPENDENCE OF THE CHURCH. 177 chu
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" POWER OF THE BISHOPS. 179 te
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THE POINT AT ISSUE. 181 the whole e
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A POSSIBLE SOLUTION. 183 hierarchic
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, as HIS BIRTH AND EDUCATION. 185 h
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* APPOINTED CHANCELLOR. 187 father
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favour with all classes ; clergy, k
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THE GREAT TRANSFORMATION. 191 can b
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THE POWERFUL ECCLESIASTIC. 193 desi
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REFORM OF CHURCH ABUSES. 195 the wh
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THE STRUGGLE WITH THE KING. 197 ser
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THE GAIN FOR ENGLAND. . 199 which m
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VIII. ST. FRANCIS OF ASSISI, AND TH
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POWER OF THE SAINTLY LIFE. 205 Prim
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GROWTH OF THE POPULAR ELEMENT. 207
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VII. ST. THOMAS OF CANTERBURY; THE
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YOUTHFUL CHARACTERISTICS. 211 thriv
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HIS FIRST VISION. 213 The night aft
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FURY OF HIS FATHER. 215 is wholly f
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HE ACCEPTS HIS VOCATION. 217 The ne
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BIRTH OF THE MENDICANT ORDER. 219 s
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THE POPE AND THE MENDICANT. 221 whi
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THE RULE OF INNOCENT III. 223 writt
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PREACHERS OF PURE CHRISTIANITY. 225
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SINCERITY AND SIMPLICITY. 227 Pover
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VISIT TO THE SULTAN. 229 and dignit
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REPORTED MIRACLES. 231 broken man b
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WELCOME DEATH. 233 his sister the w
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IX. ST. LOUIS OF FRANCE : THE SAINT
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CONSECRATION OF THE NATIONAL LIFE.
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IDEA OF THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE. 241
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