Part 7 - UNC Herbarium

SMILACACEAE 937
11 Midvein (as seen on the lower surface) much more pronounced than the principal lateral veins, which
are scarcely raised; leaves evergreen, thick, coriaceous ...........................................................S. laurifolia
11 Midvein (as seen ion the lower surface) little if any more pronounced than the principal lateral veins;
leaves evergreen or deciduous, thin, subcoriaceous.
12 Leaves mostly lanceolate, the base cuneate, the tip acute to acuminate; berries dull red ..... S. smallii
12 Leaves mostly ovate, oblong, pandurate, or hastate, the base cordate, truncate, rounded, or cuneate,
the tip rounded to acute; berries various in color.
13 Margin of the leaf blade prominently thickened with a marginal vein (this appearing as a
thickening, a visible vein, or an apparent revolute margin); berries with 1-3 seeds.
14 Inflorescence peduncle (stalk of the umbel) as long as or shorter than the subtending leaf
petiole; stems and prickles glabrous; leaves evergreen; berries usually with 2-3 seeds;
[generally of xeric or less commonly mesic sands] ........................................ S. auriculata
14 Inflorescence peduncle (stalk of the umbel) > 1.5×as long as the subtending leaf petiole;
stems (especially the lower) and prickles brownish stellate-scurfy; leaves semi-evergreen
to evergreen; berries usually with 1 seed; [of a wide variety of habitats] .........S. bona-nox
13 Margin of the leaf blade thin, sometimes revolute; berries with (1-) 2-4 seeds.
15 Berries blue-black; perianth green; leaves semi-evergreen to evergreen, margins of
mature leaves generally not revolute, the margins of the leaves and the petioles often with
minute, flattish, toothlike projections; berries with (1-) 2-3 seeds; [of a wide variety of
upland and wetland habitats] ........................................................................S. rotundifolia
15 Berries bright red; perianth brownish-yellow; leaves deciduous, margins of mature leaves
usually revolute, the margins of the leaves and the petioles lacking minute, flattish,
toothlike projections; berries with 2-4 seeds; [of swamp forests, bogs, often where
submersed for at least part of the year].................................................................S. walteri
Smilax auriculata Walter, Dune Greenbrier. Cp (GA, NC, SC): dunes on barrier islands, dry sandy openings in maritime
forests or sandhills near the coast; common. May-July; October-November (and persisting). E. NC (Dare County) south to s.
FL and west to LA; Bahama Islands. [= RAB, FNA, GW, K, S, Y]
Smilax biltmoreana (Small) J.B.S. Norton ex Pennell, Biltmore Carrionflower. Mt, Pd (GA, NC, SC), Cp (GA): dry forests
(such as dry pine ridges and chestnut oak forests) and moist forests; rare (NC Rare). April-May; August-October. The species is
apparently limited to to NC, SC, and GA, primarily in the Blue Ridge Escarpment region, with disjunct occurrences in panhandle
FL, s. AL, and sc. KY. [= FNA, K, W, Y, Z; = Smilax ecirrata (Engelmann ex Kunth) S. Watson var. biltmoreana (Small) Ahles
– RAB; < S. ecirrhata – G, in part (concept interpreted from stated geographic range); = Nemexia biltmoreana Small – S]
Smilax bona-nox Linnaeus, Catbrier, Tramp's-trouble. Cp, Pd, Mt (GA, NC, SC, VA): in a wide variety of upland and
wetland habitats; common. Late April-May; September-November. MD and MO south to c. FL and TX, and also in Mexico. [=
RAB, C, FNA, G, GW, K, S, W, Y; > S. bona-nox var. hastata (Willdenow) Alphonse de Candolle – F; > S. bona-nox var.
exauriculata Fernald – F; > S. bona-nox var. hederifolia (Beyrich) Fernald – F; > S. bona-nox var. bona-nox – F]
Smilax ecirrata (Engelmann ex Kunth) S. Watson. Mt (VA): forests; rare (VA Rare). Mid May-early June; August-
September. N. OH MI, WI, and s. MN south to w. VA, TN, s. IL, MO, and e. OK. [= K, Y, Z; = S. ecirrhata – C, F, FNA,
orthographic variant; < S. ecirrhata – G, broader sense (apparently also including in statement of range S. hugeri and/or S.
biltmoreana); = Nemexia ecirrhata (Engelmann ex Kunth) Small – S]
Smilax glauca Walter, Whiteleaf Greenbrier, Wild Sarsaparilla. Mt, Pd, Cp (GA, NC, SC, VA): in a wide variety of upland
and wetland habitats; common. Late April-early June; September-November (and persisting). NJ, c. PA, OH, IN, MO, and KA
south to c. FL and TX, and also in Mexico. [= RAB, C, FNA, GW, S, W, Y; > S. glauca var. glauca – F, G, K; > S. glauca var.
leurophylla Blake – F, G, K]
Smilax herbacea Linnaeus, Common Carrionflower. Mt (GA, NC, SC, VA), Pd (GA, NC, SC, VA), Cp (GA, VA): moist
deciduous forests; common. May-June; August-October. Centered in the Appalachian Mountains, from Québec and ME west to
OH, south to AL, GA, and TN. Young, non-flowering plants closely resemble S. biltmoreana. [= F, FNA, K, W, Y, Z; = S.
herbacea var. herbacea – RAB, C, G; = Nemexia herbacea (Linnaeus) Small – S]
Smilax hispida Rafinesque, Bristly Greenbrier, Hellfetter. Mt, Pd, Cp (GA, NC, SC, VA): moist to wet forests; common.
CT, NY, MN, and NE south to c. FL and TX. Wilbur (2003) discusses the complicated nomenclatural problems involving this
plant and concludes that S. hispida Raf. is the correct name. [= Smilax tamnoides Linnaeus – FNA, GW, K, W, Y, misapplied; =
S. hispida Muhlenberg – RAB, C, G, S; > S. tamnoides var. hispida (Muhlenberg) Fernald – F; > S. tamnoides var. tamnoides –
F; > S. hispida var. australis Small – S; > S. hispida var. hispida – S]
Smilax hugeri (Small) J.B.S. Norton ex Pennell, Huger's Carrionflower. Mt (GA, NC, SC), Pd (GA, NC, SC), Cp (GA,
SC): moist deciduous forests; rare (NC Watch List). March-April; August-October. S. NC and e. TN south through SC, GA,
and AL to panhandle FL. [= FNA, K, W, Y, Z; = S. ecirrata (Engelmann ex Kunth) S. Watson var. hugeri (Small) Ahles – RAB;
= Nemexia hugeri Small – S]
Smilax lasioneura Hooker, Midwestern Carrionflower. Mt (NC, SC, VA?), Pd (NC), {GA}: moist deciduous forests, bluff
forests, pine-oak hickory submesic forests, perhaps only or primarily over mafic rocks; rare (GA Rare, NC Rare). April-May;
August-September. Ontario and MT south to w. VA (?), w. NC, n. FL, OK, and CO. Material from VA is ambiguous. [= F,
FNA, K; = S. herbacea var. lasioneura (Hooker) Alphonse de Candolle – C, G; = Nemexia lasioneuron (Hooker) Rydberg – S; =
S. lasioneuron – Y, orthographic variant]