Part 7 - UNC Herbarium

More documents

Recommendations

Info

STEMONACEAE 939 TOFIELDIACEAE Takhtajan 1994 (False-asphodel Family) A family of 5 genera and about 30 species, of disjunct distribution in north temperate and subarctic areas, and in the Guayana Shield and northern Andes areas of n. South America. Reveal & Zomlefer (1998) place the Tofieldiaceae in the monotypic order Tofieldiales, only distantly related to the Liliaceae. Tamura in Kubitzki (1998a) treats this group as subfamily Tofieldioideae of the Nartheciaceae. References: Zomlefer (1997c, 1999); Tamura in Kubitzki (1998a). 1 Inflorescence 1-flowered; tepals yellow; seeds yellowish; [endemic to Panhandle FL] ........................... [Harperocallis flava] 1 Inflorescence a raceme or thyrse; tepals white to pale cream (fading to yellowish on dried specimens); seeds brown; [collectively widespread]. 2 Bracts of the inflorescence large, spathelike, acuminate-aristate at the tip; tepals 9-17 mm long; stamens (6-) 9 (-12) ..... ................................................................................................................................................................................... Pleea 2 Bracts of the inflorescence minute; tepals 2.5-5 mm long; stamens 6. 3 Inflorescence a raceme (the flower pedicels attached to the scape singly); scape smooth; flowering (late August-) late September-October.................................................................................................................................Tofieldia 3 Inflorecence a thyrse (flower pedicels attached to the scape in groups of 3-7); scape scurfy-scabrous; flowering June-August ..................................................................................................................................................Triantha Harperocallis McDaniel (Harper's Beauty) A monotypic genus, perennial, of southeastern United States. References: McDaniel (1968)=Y; Zomlefer (1997c)=Z; Utech & Anderson in FNA (2002a). Harperocallis flava McDaniel, Harper's Beauty. Pineland bogs. Endemic to FL Panhandle (Franklin and Liberty counties). [= FNA, K, Y, Z] Pleea Michaux 1803 (Rush-featherling) A monotypic genus, of se. North America, sometimes included in Tofieldia. References: Zomlefer (1997c)=Z; Tamura in Kubitzki (1998a); Packer in FNA (2002a). Pleea tenuifolia Michaux, Rush-featherling. Cp (GA?, NC, SC): locally abundant in wet savannas, pocosin margins, usually in peaty soil, locally abundant in a few counties in se. NC, rare inland (very rarely as far as Cumberland County, NC); uncommon (SC Rare). September-October; October-November. A Southeastern Coastal Plain endemic: se. NC and ne. SC south to sw. GA, n. FL and s. AL, but apparently absent from s. SC and ne. GA. When in flower in wet savannas and powerline rights-of-way in Brunswick County, Pleea visually dominates areas up to hundreds of hectares. In sterile condition, it is recognizable by its leathery equitant leaves, bright red at their bases. [= RAB, FNA, GW, K, S; = Tofieldia tenuifolia (Michaux) Utech – Z] Tofieldia Hudson 1778 (Bog Asphodel) A genus of about 7-8 species, of temperate to subarctic North America and Eurasia. There is controversy about the circumscription of Tofieldia.relative to the related genera Pleea and Triantha (here recognized, but sometimes subsumed into Tofieldia. Some believe that Tofieldia, Triantha, and Pleea should be treated together in a broadly circumscribed Tofieldia (Utech 1978, Zomlefer 1997c); others that all three should be treated separately (Ambrose 1980; Packer 1993; Cruden 1991). Packer in FNA (2002a) has recently recognized Triantha, Pleea, and Tofieldia as separate genera, a conclusion followed here in part because of the ancient, relictual nature of these units. References: Zomlefer (1997c)=Z; Packer (1993); Ambrose (1980); Utech (1978); Hitchcock (1944)=Y; Tamura in Kubitzki (1998a); Packer in FNA (2002a); Cruden (1991). Identification notes: In sterile condition, Tofieldia glabra can be distinguished from Iris verna by its minutely upwardlyscabrous margins (Iris has smooth margins). Tofieldia glabra Nuttall, Carolina Bog Asphodel, White Asphodel. Cp (NC, SC): savanna-pocosin ecotones, wet savannas, seepage bogs; rare (US Species of Concern, NC Rare, SC Rare). (Late August-) late September-October; October-November. Endemic to the coastal plain and sandhills of NC and northern SC (the reports from GA are dubious). [= RAB, FNA, GW, K, S, Z] Triantha (Nuttall) Baker
TOFIELDIACEAE 940 A genus of ca. 4 species, herbs, of North America and Japan. References: Cruden (1991). 1 Perianth equal to or longer than the capsule; seeds with tails 1/2 or less as long as the body................................Tr. racemosa 1 Perianth shorter than the capsule; seeds with at least 1 tail equal to or longer than the body ................................ Tr. glutinosa Triantha glutinosa (Michaux) Baker, Sticky Bog Asphodel. Mt (GA, NC, VA), Pd (NC): bogs and seeps, especially over mafic or calcareous rocks; rare (GA Rare, NC Rare, VA Rare). July-August; September-October. Newfoundland west to British Columbia, south to w. NC, ne. GA (Jones & Coile 1988), WV, OH, n. IN, WI, MT, and OR. [= FNA, K, S; = Tofieldia racemosa var. glutinosa (Michaux) Ahles – RAB; = Tofieldia glutinosa (Michaux) Persoon – F, G, W; > Tofieldia glutinosa ssp. glutinosa – GW, Y, Z; > Tofieldia glutinosa var. glutinosa – C] Triantha racemosa (Walter) Small, Coastal Plain Bog Asphodel. Cp (GA, NC, SC, VA), Mt (VA), Pd (GA): savannas, savanna-pocosin ecotones, seepage bogs, sinkhole ponds (dolines) in the mountains of VA; uncommon (VA Rare). June-early August; late September-October. NJ south to nw. FL, west to e. TX; disjunct in c. TN. [= FNA, K, S; = Tofieldia racemosa var. racemosa – RAB; = Tofieldia racemosa (Walter) Britton, Sterns, & Poggenburg – C, F, G, GW, W, Z] References: Farmer & Schilling (2002). TRILLIACEAE Lindley 1846 (Trillium Family) Trillium Linnaeus 1753 (Trillium, Toadshade, Wake-robin) A genus of about 50 species, of e. North America, w. North America, and e. Asia (especially se. North America). The genus Trillium in our area is difficult and complex. Trillium is now usually separated from the Liliaceae (along with Eurasian genera such as Paris) into the Trilliaceae (Zomlefer 1996, Kato et al. 1995, Kawano & Kato 1995, and others) or less drastically as part of the Melanthiaceae (Chase et al. 2000; Tamura et al. 2004). The traditonal division of the genus into two well-marked subgenera, subgenus Trillium, the pedicellate trilliums, and subgenus Phyllantherum, the sessile-flowered trilliums, has been partly supported by molecular and morphological phylogenetic studies (Kawano & Kato 1995, Kato et al. 1995). These studies support the monophyly of subgenus Phyllantherum, but suggest that subgenus Trillium consists of several groups which are only rather distantly related (Kawano & Kato 1995, Kazempour Osaloo et al. 1999; Farmer & Schilling 2002). Most species are slowgrowing perennials; seedlings, juveniles, and depauperate or "tired" plants are one-leaved ("monilliums"), recognizable by the similar color, texture and venation of the single leaf to the three leaves of mature plants. In some species, such as T. pusillum, individual plants remain in the single-leaf stage for long periods of time, and populations may consist largely of juvenile plants. References: Patrick (1986)=Z; Freeman (1975)=Y; Case & Case 1997=X; Patrick in Wofford (1989); Case in FNA (2002a); Mitchell (1990); Kato et al. (1995); Kawano & Kato (1995); Tamura in Kubitzki (1998a); Zomlefer (1996); Farmer & Schilling (2002). Key adapted from Z, unpublished keys of J.D. Freeman, and other sources. Identification notes: Teratological forms are frequent in some species, as, for instance, leaves, sepals, and stamens in 2's or 4's, petals sepaloid, or sepals petaloid, and so forth. What are called “leaves” in Trillium are actually bracts. 1 Leaves mottled with 2-3 different shades of green (very rarely the mottling not apparent); flower sessile; [subgenus Phyllantherum] .................................................................................................................................................................Key A 1 Leaves solid green; flower on a pedicel (the pedicel sometimes very short or essentially absent in some varieties of T. pusillum); [subgenus Trillium]. 2 Petals relatively thick in texture, straight-margined, maroon or white, rarely yellow or green (if white, turning brown with age); stigmas thicker at base, tapering gradually toward tip, distinct; ovary purple-black, maroon, pink, or white, 6-angled; [Erectum group] ........................................................................................................................................Key B 2 Petals relatively delicate in texture, wavy-margined, white to deep pink (if white, generally fading to pink with age); stigmas thin, uniform in thickness from base to apex, somewhat fused at the base into a short style; ovary greenishwhite to white, 3- or 6-angled or-lobed.....................................................................................................................Key C Key A – trilliums with sessile flowers and mottled leaves (subgenus Phyllantherum) 1 Scape more-or-less decumbent in a gentle S-shape, the leaves lying on the ground, or nearly so; flower fragrance putrid; [T. sessile group]. 2 Anther dehiscence extrorse (toward the outside of the flower); stamens about 0.25× as long as the petals; upper stem puberulent; petals 4-10 cm long; filaments 2-5 mm long..............................................................................T. decumbens 2 Anther dehiscence introrse (toward the inside of the flower); stamens about 0.5× as long as the petals; upper stem glabrous; petals 2.5-5.5 cm long; filaments 1-2 mm long ................................................................................ T. reliquum 1 Scape erect, straight, the leaves bone well above the ground (the leaf tips sometimes nearly touching the ground); flower fragrance various.
Page 1 and 2:
ORCHIDACEAE 836 Zeuxine Lindley 182
Page 3 and 4:
POACEAE 838 Agrostis altissima (Wal
Page 5 and 6:
POACEAE 840 A genus of about 100-11
Page 7 and 8:
POACEAE 842 9 Inflorescence units w
Page 9 and 10:
POACEAE 844 Andropogon glomeratus (
Page 11 and 12:
POACEAE 846 .......................
Page 13 and 14:
POACEAE 848 Aristida tenuispica A.S
Page 15 and 16:
POACEAE 850 1 Spikelets 1.5-2.8 mm
Page 17 and 18:
POACEAE 852 * Briza maxima Linnaeus
Page 19 and 20:
POACEAE 854 * Bromus tectorum Linna
Page 21 and 22:
POACEAE 856 2 Spines in multiple wh
Page 23 and 24:
POACEAE 858 1 Spikelets (3.5-) 4-6
Page 25 and 26:
POACEAE 860 Danthonia Augustin de C
Page 27 and 28:
POACEAE 862 sheaths. Nodes with sho
Page 29 and 30:
POACEAE 864 4 Second glume and ster
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
POACEAE 868 3 Basal leaves similar
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
POACEAE 872 Dichanthelium commutatu
Page 39 and 40:
POACEAE 874 F, G, HC; > P. villosis
Page 41 and 42:
POACEAE 876 dichotomum (Linnaeus) G
Page 43 and 44:
POACEAE 878 Distichlis Rafinesque (
Page 45 and 46:
POACEAE 880 6 Spikelets appressed;
Page 47 and 48:
POACEAE 882 Eragrostis Wolf 1776 (L
Page 49 and 50:
POACEAE 884 * Eragrostis curvula (S
Page 51 and 52:
POACEAE 886 3 Spikes 5-10 cm long;
Page 53 and 54: POACEAE 888 considered as a species
Page 55 and 56: POACEAE 890 * Hordeum murinum Linna
Page 57 and 58: POACEAE 892 Reported (as L. fascicu
Page 59 and 60: POACEAE 894 1950), "rarely introduc
Page 61 and 62: POACEAE 896 flexuous, and fragile,
Page 63 and 64: POACEAE 898 2 Leaves primarily basa
Page 65 and 66: POACEAE 900 per node, loosely flowe
Page 67 and 68: POACEAE 902 ex Nees ssp. rigidulum
Page 69 and 70: POACEAE 904 25 Panicles with 1-15 b
Page 71 and 72: POACEAE 906 Paspalum praecox Walter
Page 73 and 74: POACEAE 908 *? Phalaris arundinacea
Page 75 and 76: POACEAE 910 * Phyllostachys nigra (
Page 77 and 78: POACEAE 912 species withers and dis
Page 79 and 80: POACEAE 914 FL and LA. References:
Page 81 and 82: POACEAE 916 Schizachyrium littorale
Page 83 and 84: POACEAE 918 Sorghastrum elliottii (
Page 85 and 86: POACEAE 920 Sphenopholis pensylvani
Page 87 and 88: POACEAE 922 shelves in the fall-lin
Page 89 and 90: POACEAE 924 Tridens Roemer & J.A. S
Page 91 and 92: POACEAE 926 * Urochloa platyphylla
Page 93 and 94: PONTEDERIACEAE 928 A genus of 7-8 s
Page 95 and 96: POTAMOGETONACEAE 930 2 Submersed le
Page 97 and 98: POTAMOGETONACEAE 932 Fernald - F; >
Page 99 and 100: RUSCACEAE 934 * Danae racemosa (Lin
Page 101 and 102: RUSCACEAE 936 Scheuchzeria palustri
Page 103: SMILACACEAE 938 Smilax laurifolia L
Page 107 and 108: TRILLIACEAE 942 2 Stamens at most 1
Page 109 and 110: TRILLIACEAE 944 Trillium pusillum M
Page 111 and 112: TYPHACEAE 946 1 Staminate and pisti
Page 113 and 114: XYRIDACEAE 948 17 Leaf and scape su
Page 115 and 116: ZANNICHELLIACEAE 950 broadened shea
Page 117 and 118: BIBLIOGRAPHY 952 Anderson, L.E., an
Page 119 and 120: BIBLIOGRAPHY 954 Beckmann, R.L., Jr
Page 121 and 122: BIBLIOGRAPHY 956 ---. 2005. Report
Page 123 and 124: BIBLIOGRAPHY 958 ---. 1878. An enum
Page 125 and 126: BIBLIOGRAPHY 960 ---, G.L. Nesom, a
Page 127 and 128: BIBLIOGRAPHY 962 Dorn, R.D. 1984. V
Page 129 and 130: BIBLIOGRAPHY 964 ---, and J.F. Wend
Page 131 and 132: BIBLIOGRAPHY 966 Ganders, F.R., M.
Page 133 and 134: BIBLIOGRAPHY 968 Green, P.S. 1962.
Page 135 and 136: BIBLIOGRAPHY 970 ---, and J.R. Burk
Page 137 and 138: BIBLIOGRAPHY 972 ---. 1998. Native
Page 139 and 140: BIBLIOGRAPHY 974 Kiers, A.M., T.H.M
Page 141 and 142: BIBLIOGRAPHY 976 Kubitzki, K., J.G.
Page 143 and 144: BIBLIOGRAPHY 978 ---, and A. Täube
Page 145 and 146: BIBLIOGRAPHY 980 McClintock, E. 195
Page 147 and 148: BIBLIOGRAPHY 982 Mort, M.E., and D.
Page 149 and 150: BIBLIOGRAPHY 984 ---. 2001b. Taxono
Page 151 and 152: BIBLIOGRAPHY 986 Perry, J.E., D.M.E
Page 153 and 154: BIBLIOGRAPHY 988 Rayner, D.A., and
Page 155 and 156:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 990 Rosendahl, C.O., F
Page 157 and 158:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 992 ---. 2002. Podophy
Page 159 and 160:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 994 Soltis, D.E. 1980.
Page 161 and 162:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 996 Sundell, E., R.D.
Page 163 and 164:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 998 Umber, R.E. 1979.
Page 165 and 166:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 1000 Warners, D.P., an
Page 167 and 168:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 1002 ---. 2002. The id
Page 169 and 170:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 1004 Xiang, Q.-Y. (Jen
Page 171 and 172:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 1006 INDEX of FAMILIES
Page 173 and 174:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 1008 Chromolaena......
Page 175 and 176:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 1010 Hainardia .......
Page 177 and 178:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 1012 Nolina...........
Page 179 and 180:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 1014 Sisyrinchium ....
show all

Part 7 - UNC Herbarium

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?