Part 7 - UNC Herbarium

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POACEAE 849 Coastal Plain, also occurring in the Piedmont and low Mountains. References: Tucker (1988)=Y; McClure (1973)=Z; McClure (1963); Judziewicz et al. (2000)=X; Triplett, Weakley, & Clark (2006)=Q. The key adapted from Y and Z. 1 Primary branches with 0-1 compressed basal internodes; culm internodes usually sulcate; culm leaves deciduous; culms to 10 m tall; rhizomes lacking air canals.......................................................................................................................A. gigantea 1 Primary branches with 2-5 compressed basal internodes; culm internodes usually terete; culm leaves persistent to tardily deciduous; culms to 4 m tall; rhizomes with or without longitudinal air canals (visible in cross-section as a cylinder of hollow canals 1 mm or less from the outer surface). 2 Foliage blades chartaceous, deciduous, abaxial surfaces pilose or glabrous, weakly tessellate; primary branches usually < 35 cm long, basal nodes not developing secondary branches; top knot blades 12-22.5 cm long; rhizomes with or without air canals ......................................................................................................................................A. appalachiana 2 Foliage blades coriaceous, persistent, abaxial surfaces densely pubescent or glabrous, strongly tessellate; primary branches usually > 50 cm long, basal nodes developing secondary branches; top knot blades 20-30 cm long; rhizomes with air canals ......................................................................................................................................................... A. tecta Arundinaria appalachiana,Triplett, Weakley, & L.G. Clark, Hill Cane. Mt, Pd (GA, NC, SC): dry to moist forests on slopes; common. The short plants (often only knee-high, though sometimes head-high) on mountain slopes south of Asheville are autumn-deciduous, whereas both "rivercane" appears to be evergreen. [= Q; < A. gigantea (Walter) Walter – RAB, GW; < A. gigantea ssp. tecta (Walter) McClure – K, X, Z; < A. tecta – HC, S, Y; = A. tecta var. decidua Beadle in L.H. Bailey; apparently and implicitly included in the concept of either A. tecta or A. gigantea by earlier authors] Arundinaria gigantea (Walter) Walter, Giant Cane, River Cane. Mt, Pd, Cp (GA, NC, SC, VA): swamps, floodplains; common. April-July. Widespread in se. North America, ranging from s. DE s. OH, south to FL and e. TX. There has been much disagreement over the recognition of one, two, or several taxa of cane in the Southeastern United States. This species reaches heights of 6-7 (-10) m and is supposed to flower only once every 40-50 years. A. macrosperma Michaux is controversial, sometimes considered to be a synonym of A. gigantea or to represent hybridization or introgression between A. gigantea and A. tecta. [= F, HC, Q, S, Y; < A. gigantea – RAB, C, GW (also see A. tecta); = A. gigantea ssp. gigantea – K, Z; > A. gigantea ssp. gigantea – X; > A. gigantea (Walter) Walter ssp. macrosperma (Michaux) McClure – X; > A. macrosperma Michaux] Arundinaria tecta Walter, Switch Cane, Small Cane. Cp, Pd (GA, NC, SC, VA): savannas, pocosins, canebrakes, generally (but not solely) in wetlands; common. April-July. Primarily a Southeastern Coastal Plain endemic: e. VA to FL and s. AL. A. tecta is a smaller plant than A. gigantea (normally 1-2 m tall, but reaching heights of up to 4 m where fire-suppressed), and flowers more frequently, supposedly every 3-4 years (Tucker 1988), probably actually in response to fire. [= Q; < A. gigantea – RAB, C, GW; < A. tecta – F, HC, S, Y; < A. gigantea ssp. tecta (Walter) McClure – K, X, Z] Arundo Linnaeus (Giant Reed) A genus of 3 species, widespread in the tropics, subtropics and warm-temperate areas. References: Allred in FNA (2003a). * Arundo donax Linnaeus, Giant Reed. Cp, Pd (GA, NC, SC, VA), Mt (NC, VA): disturbed areas; uncommon, introduced from the Old World. September-October. Var. versicolor, with leaves transversely striped white and green, is better considered only as a form or cultivar. [= RAB, F, FNA, K, S; > A. donax var. donax – HC; > A. donax var. versicolor (P. Miller) Stokes – HC] References: Tucker (1996)=Z. Avena Linnaeus 1753 (Oats) 1 Lemmas pubescent with brown hairs; lemmas with long bent awns.............................................................................. A. fatua 1 Lemmas glabrous or scabrous; lemmas unawned or with relatively straight awns ....................................................... A. sativa * Avena fatua Linnaeus, Wild Oats. (VA). {needs herbarium checks}. [= C, F, G, HC, K] * Avena sativa Linnaeus, Oats. Mt (NC, SC, VA), Pd, Cp (GA, NC, SC, VA): fields and disturbed areas; commonly cultivated, uncommonly escaping. May-June. An important crop, but apparently only a weed until transported from the Middle East to the moister central Europe, where cultivated beginning about 3000 BP (Hancock 2004). [= RAB, G, HC, K, S, W, Z; > A. sativa var. orientalis (Schreber) Alefeld – F; > A. sativa var. sativa – F] Axonopus Palisot de Beauvois (Carpet Grass) A genus of ca. 100 species, primarily tropical and subtropical. Phylogenetic studies suggest that Axonopus may be included in Paspalum. References: Barkworth in FNA (2003a). 1 Spikelets 4-6 mm long .............................................................................................................................................. A. furcatus
POACEAE 850 1 Spikelets 1.5-2.8 mm long. 2 Spikelets 1.5-2.2 mm long; leaf blades mostly 8-10 mm wide.....................................................................A. compressus 2 Spikelets 2.2-2.8 mm long; leaf blades mostly 2-4 (-6) mm wide...................................................................A. fissifolius Axonopus compressus (Swartz) Palisot de Beauvois, Southern Carpet Grass. Cp (GA, SC, VA?): lawns; rare, probably introduced. Reported for VA by HC. Sometimes used as a lawn grass in the deep South. [= FNA, HC, K, S; Paspalum] Axonopus fissifolius (Raddi) Kuhlm., Common Carpet Grass. Cp, Pd (GA, NC, SC, VA): sandy forests, roadsides, lawns; common. June-October. VA south to FL, west to TX and OK, and extending into tropical America. [= FNA, K; ? A. affinis Chase – RAB, GW, HC, W; = Paspalum fissifolium Raddi] Axonopus furcatus (Flügge) A.S. Hitchcock, Big Carpetgrass. Cp (GA, NC, SC, VA), Pd (GA, NC, SC): sandy forests, bottomlands, roadsides, lawns; common. July-October. Se. VA south to FL, west to TX and AR. [= RAB, C, F, FNA, G, GW, HC, K, S; = Paspalum furcatum Flügge] Bambusa Schreber (Bamboo) * Bambusa oldhamii Munro is reported for NC (Kartesz 1999). {investigate} [=Sinocalamus latiflorus (Munro) McClure – K, misapplied] * Bambusa vulgaris Schrader ex J.C. Wendland, Common Bamboo, is reported for SC (Kartesz 1999). {investigate} [= K] Bothriochloa Kuntze (Beardgrass, Cane Bluestem) A genus of ca. 35 species, widespread in tropical and subtropical regions of the Old and new World. References: Allred in FNA (2003a); Vega (2000)=Z; Allred & Gould (1983)=Y. Key adapted from Allred in FNA (2003a). 1 Sessile spikelets 4.5-8.5 mm long......................................................................................................................... B. barbinodis 1 Sessile spikelets 3-4.5 mm long. 2 Pedicellate spikelets about as long as the sessile spikelets. 3 Rachises longer than the branches.............................................................................................................[B. bladhii] 3 Rachises shorter than the branches...............................................................................B. ischaemum var. songarica 2 Pedicellate spikelets much shorter than the sessile spikelets. 4 Panicles reddish when mature; hairs below the sessile spikelets sparse and ca. 1/4 as long as the spikelets, not obscuring the spikelets ..............................................................................................................................[B. bladhii] 4 Panicles silvery-white or tannish when mature, hairs below the sessile spikelets dense and > ½ as long as the spikelets, somewhat obscuring the spikelets ..................................................................B. laguroides ssp. torreyana * Bothriochloa barbinodis (Lagasca y Segura) Herter, Cane Bluestem, Pinhole Bluestem. Cp, Pd (SC): disturbed areas; rare, introduced from w. United States. [= FNA, K; > Bothriochloa perforata (Trinius ex E. Fourn.) Herter – Z; = Andropogon barbinodis Lagasca y Segura – HC; > Bothriochloa barbinodis (Lagasca y Segura) Herter var. perforata (Trinius ex E. Fourn.) Gould; > Andropogon perforatus Trinius ex E. Fourn.] * Bothriochloa ischaemum (Linnaeus) Keng var. songarica (Ruprecht ex Fischer & C.A. Meyer) Celarier & Harlan, King Ranch Bluestem. Cp (SC): disturbed places; rare, introduced from western North America. Reported for SC (Kartesz 1999). [= K, Z; < B. ischaemum – FNA] * Bothriochloa laguroides (Augustin de Candolle) Herter ssp. torreyana (Steudel) Allred & Gould, Silver Bluestem. Cp (GA, SC), Pd (GA): disturbed areas; rare, introduced from {}. Reported for SC (Kartesz 1999), ne. GA (Jones & Coile 1988; Allred & Gould 1983), e. TN, and c. TN (Chester et al. 1993), in some cases as B. saccharoides var. torreyana. [= FNA, K, Y, Z; = B. saccharoides (Sw.) Rydberg var. torreyana (Steudel) Gould] * Bothriochloa bladhii (Retzius) S.T. Blake, Australian Bluestem, is reported from e. TN (according to specimen cited by FNA and Z) and FL. [= FNA, K, Z] {synonymy incomplete} * Bothriochloa pertusa (Linnaeus) A. Camus, Pitted Bluestem. Introduced at scattered sites in e. North America, including FL, LA, MD, and MS (FNA, Kartesz 1999). [= FNA, K, Z] {not keyed at this time; synonymy incomplete} Bouteloua Lagasca y Segura (Grama) A genus of about 40 species, of the Western Hemisphere. References: Herrera Arrieta, Peterson, & de la Cerda Lemus (2004)=X; Columbus (1999)=Z; Gould (1979)=Y; Wipff in FNA (2003a); Snow in FNA (2003a). Key based in part on Wipff in FNA (2003a) 1 All spikelets unisexual, plants usually dioecious; [introduced species] ................................................................B. dactyloides 1 Lowest floret in each spikelet bisexual, the upper staminate or sterile; [introduced or native species].
Page 1 and 2: ORCHIDACEAE 836 Zeuxine Lindley 182
Page 3 and 4: POACEAE 838 Agrostis altissima (Wal
Page 5 and 6: POACEAE 840 A genus of about 100-11
Page 7 and 8: POACEAE 842 9 Inflorescence units w
Page 9 and 10: POACEAE 844 Andropogon glomeratus (
Page 11 and 12: POACEAE 846 .......................
Page 13: POACEAE 848 Aristida tenuispica A.S
Page 17 and 18: POACEAE 852 * Briza maxima Linnaeus
Page 19 and 20: POACEAE 854 * Bromus tectorum Linna
Page 21 and 22: POACEAE 856 2 Spines in multiple wh
Page 23 and 24: POACEAE 858 1 Spikelets (3.5-) 4-6
Page 25 and 26: POACEAE 860 Danthonia Augustin de C
Page 27 and 28: POACEAE 862 sheaths. Nodes with sho
Page 29 and 30: POACEAE 864 4 Second glume and ster
Page 31 and 32: POACEAE 866 11 Spikelets 2.1-2.9 mm
Page 33 and 34: POACEAE 868 3 Basal leaves similar
Page 35 and 36: POACEAE 870 14 Spikelets 0.9-1.4 mm
Page 37 and 38: POACEAE 872 Dichanthelium commutatu
Page 39 and 40: POACEAE 874 F, G, HC; > P. villosis
Page 41 and 42: POACEAE 876 dichotomum (Linnaeus) G
Page 43 and 44: POACEAE 878 Distichlis Rafinesque (
Page 45 and 46: POACEAE 880 6 Spikelets appressed;
Page 47 and 48: POACEAE 882 Eragrostis Wolf 1776 (L
Page 49 and 50: POACEAE 884 * Eragrostis curvula (S
Page 51 and 52: POACEAE 886 3 Spikes 5-10 cm long;
Page 53 and 54: POACEAE 888 considered as a species
Page 55 and 56: POACEAE 890 * Hordeum murinum Linna
Page 57 and 58: POACEAE 892 Reported (as L. fascicu
Page 59 and 60: POACEAE 894 1950), "rarely introduc
Page 61 and 62: POACEAE 896 flexuous, and fragile,
Page 63 and 64: POACEAE 898 2 Leaves primarily basa
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POACEAE 900 per node, loosely flowe
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POACEAE 902 ex Nees ssp. rigidulum
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POACEAE 904 25 Panicles with 1-15 b
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POACEAE 906 Paspalum praecox Walter
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POACEAE 908 *? Phalaris arundinacea
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POACEAE 910 * Phyllostachys nigra (
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POACEAE 912 species withers and dis
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POACEAE 914 FL and LA. References:
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POACEAE 916 Schizachyrium littorale
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POACEAE 918 Sorghastrum elliottii (
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POACEAE 920 Sphenopholis pensylvani
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POACEAE 922 shelves in the fall-lin
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POACEAE 924 Tridens Roemer & J.A. S
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POACEAE 926 * Urochloa platyphylla
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PONTEDERIACEAE 928 A genus of 7-8 s
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POTAMOGETONACEAE 930 2 Submersed le
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POTAMOGETONACEAE 932 Fernald - F; >
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RUSCACEAE 934 * Danae racemosa (Lin
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RUSCACEAE 936 Scheuchzeria palustri
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SMILACACEAE 938 Smilax laurifolia L
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TOFIELDIACEAE 940 A genus of ca. 4
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TRILLIACEAE 942 2 Stamens at most 1
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TRILLIACEAE 944 Trillium pusillum M
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TYPHACEAE 946 1 Staminate and pisti
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XYRIDACEAE 948 17 Leaf and scape su
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ZANNICHELLIACEAE 950 broadened shea
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 952 Anderson, L.E., an
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 954 Beckmann, R.L., Jr
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 956 ---. 2005. Report
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 958 ---. 1878. An enum
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 960 ---, G.L. Nesom, a
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 962 Dorn, R.D. 1984. V
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 964 ---, and J.F. Wend
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 966 Ganders, F.R., M.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 968 Green, P.S. 1962.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 970 ---, and J.R. Burk
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 972 ---. 1998. Native
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 974 Kiers, A.M., T.H.M
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 976 Kubitzki, K., J.G.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 978 ---, and A. Täube
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 980 McClintock, E. 195
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 982 Mort, M.E., and D.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 984 ---. 2001b. Taxono
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 986 Perry, J.E., D.M.E
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 988 Rayner, D.A., and
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 990 Rosendahl, C.O., F
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 992 ---. 2002. Podophy
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 994 Soltis, D.E. 1980.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 996 Sundell, E., R.D.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 998 Umber, R.E. 1979.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 1000 Warners, D.P., an
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 1002 ---. 2002. The id
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 1004 Xiang, Q.-Y. (Jen
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 1006 INDEX of FAMILIES
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 1008 Chromolaena......
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 1010 Hainardia .......
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 1012 Nolina...........
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 1014 Sisyrinchium ....
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Part 7 - UNC Herbarium

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