XYRIDACEAE 949 Xyris elliottii Chapman, Elliott's Yellow-eyed Grass. Cp (GA, SC): margins of drawdown zones of clay-based Carolina bays, limesinks and flatwoods swales, wet savannas; uncommon. May-June. E. SC south to the Gulf Coastal Plain. [= RAB, FNA, GW, K, S, X, Z] Xyris fimbriata Elliott, Giant Yellow-eyed Grass. Cp (GA, NC, SC, VA): in mucky or sandy soils of upland depression ponds, also along sandhill streams, impoundments and in deep muck of sandhills seepage slopes often just below the zone occupied by Xyris chapmanii; common (VA Rare). September-October. Se. VA south to c. FL, west (interruptedly) to se. TX; disjunct in s. NJ, DE, and c. TN. [= RAB, C, F, FNA, G, GW, K, S, X, Z] Xyris flabelliformis Chapman, Savanna Yellow-eyed Grass. Cp (GA, NC, SC): wet sands of pinelands, especially seasonally wet, open, white sands of spodosol longleaf pine flatwoods (Leon series soils), margins of Carolina bay sandrims; rare (NC Rare, SC Rare). May-June. Se. NC south to s. FL, west to se. LA, on the Coastal Plain. [= RAB, FNA, GW, K, S, X, Z] Xyris floridana (Kral) Bridges & Orzell, Florida Yellow-eyed Grass. Cp (GA, NC, SC): savannas, wet pine flatwoods, ditches; rare (NC Rare, SC Rare). August. Se. NC south to s. FL, west to se. LA. [= X; = Xyris difformis Chapman var. floridana Kral – FNA, GW, K, Y, Z] Xyris iridifolia Chapman, Irisleaf Yellow-eyed Grass. Cp (GA, NC, SC, VA): marshes, upland pond margins, blackwater river channels, floodplain pools, other wet habitats; uncommon (NC Watch List, VA Rare). July-September. Se. VA south to n. FL, west to e. TX; disjunct in c. TN. [= RAB, C, GW, S, Z; = X. laxifolia Mart. var. iridifolia (Chapman) Kral – FNA, K, X] Xyris jupicai L.C. Richard. Cp (GA, NC, SC, VA), Pd (NC), Mt (VA): ditches, various wet habitats; common. July- September. NJ south to s. FL, west to TN, AR, OK, and TX, and in Latin America. Sometimes weedy and considered by some to be adventive from further south. At least some populations in our area are native and may additionally be worthy of taxonomic recognition as distinct from "true" X. jupicai (P. McMillan, pers. comm., 2003). [= RAB, C, FNA, GW, K, W, X, Z; = F. caroliniana – F, misapplied; > X. elata Chapman – G, S; > X. communis Kunth – S; > X. caroliniana – G, S, misapplied] Xyris louisianica Bridges & Orzell. Cp (GA): pine savannas, bogs, ditches and disturbed areas; rare. FL Panhandle and GA west to se. TX. [= K, X; = X. stricta Chapman var. obscura Kral – FNA; < X. ambigua – GW, S, Z] Xyris platylepis Chapman. Cp (GA, NC, SC, VA): sandhill seeps, savannas, ditches; common (VA Watch List). July- September. Se. VA south to s. FL, west to se. LA; disjunct in sw. LA and se. TX. [= RAB, C, F, FNA, G, GW, K, S, X, Z] Xyris scabrifolia Harper, Roughleaf Yellow-eyed Grass. Cp (GA, NC, SC): sandhill seepage bogs and wet pine savannas; rare (US Species of Concern, NC Rare). Sc. and se. NC south to panhandle FL, west to s. AL and s. MS; disjunct in sw. LA-se. TX. X. chapmanii is a taxon distinct from X. scabrifolia. [= GW, S, X; < X. scabrifolia – FNA, K, Z (also see X. chapmanii)] Xyris serotina Chapman. Cp (GA, NC, SC): depression meadows, ultisol savannas (Lynchburg/Rains complex or Eulonia/Oketee), ditches; rare (NC Rare, SC Rare). September. Se. NC south to c. FL, west to s. MS, in the Coastal Plain. Reported for our area by Kral (1966b) and relocated by B.A. Sorrie. [= RAB, FNA, GW, K, S, X, Z] Xyris smalliana Nash, Small's Yellow-eyed Grass. Cp (GA, NC, SC), Mt (SC): pond margins, ditches; uncommon (NC Watch List). July-August. ME south to FL, west to s. MS; disjunct to se. TX. [= RAB, C, FNA, GW, K, S, W, X, Z; > X. congdonii Small – F; > X. smalliana – F; > X. smalliana var. smalliana – G; > X. smalliana var. olneyi (Wood) Gleason – G] Xyris stricta Chapman. Cp (GA, NC, SC): depression ponds, depression meadows, borrow pits, ultisol savannas and ditches; rare. July-September. SC south to n. FL, west to s. MS and se. LA. Reported for our area by Kral (1966b). P. McMillan (pers. comm.) reports this species from a number of locations in the outer Coastal Plain of NC and SC. [= GW, K, S, X, Z; = X. stricta var. stricta – FNA] Xyris tennesseensis Kral, Tennessee Yellow-eyed Grass. Mt (GA): seepy, fenlike areas over limestone; rare (US Endangered, GA Endangered). TN, AL, and nw. GA (Jones & Coile 1988). See Kral (1978b). [= FNA, K] Xyris torta J.M. Smith, Mountain Yellow-eyed Grass. Mt, Pd (GA, NC, SC, VA), Cp (SC, VA): mountain bogs, marshes, ditches; uncommon (SC Rare). June-August. NH west to WI, south to e. VA, e. NC, w. SC, c. GA, LA, OK, and TX. This is our only species of Xyris not strongly associated with the Coastal Plain. [= RAB, C, FNA, GW, K, S, W, Z; > X. torta var. macropoda Fernald – F, G; > X. torta var. torta – F, G] Xyris isoetifolia Kral. Bogs, savannas, and depression pond margins. FL Panhandle and s. AL. [= FNA, GW, K, X, Z] Xyris longisepala Kral. Depression pond margins. FL Panhandle and s. AL. [= FNA, GW, K, X, Z] ZANNICHELLIACEAE Dumortier 1829 (Horned Pondweed Family) A family of 4 genera and about 10-12 species, aquatic herbs, nearly cosmopolitan. Probably better included in the Potamogetonaceae (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2003). References: Haynes & Hellquist in FNA (2000); Haynes & Holm- Nielsen (1987)=Z; Haynes, Les, & Holm-Nielsen in Kubitzki (1998b). Zannichellia Linnaeus 1753 (Horned Pondweed) A genus of about 5 species, aquatic herbs, nearly cosmopolitan. References: Haynes & Hellquist in FNA (2000); Haynes & Holm-Nielsen (1987)=Z. Identification notes: Zannichellia is sometimes confused with other aquatics, such as Ruppia and narrow-leaved Potamogeton. Potamogeton has at least some leaves alternate; Zannichellia and Ruppia are opposite-leaved. Zannichellia lacks the abruptly
ZANNICHELLIACEAE 950 broadened sheath of Najas. Also, the seeds are flattened in Zannichellia, and toothed down one side; Najas has a cylindric or elliptic fruit. Zannichellia has longer leaves (3-10 cm long) than Najas (< 4 cm long). Zannichellia palustris Linnaeus, Horned Pondweed. Cp (NC, VA), Mt (VA), {GA}: fresh or brackish water; common. February-October. The species occurs throughout much of the world. [= RAB, C, FNA, G, GW, K, S, W, Z; > Z. palustris var. major (Hartman) W.D.J. Koch – F; > Z. palustris var. palustris – F] ZOSTERACEAE Dumortier 1829 (Eelgrass Family) A family of 3 genera and about 18 species, nearly cosmopolitan in distribution. References: Haynes in FNA (2000); Kuo & McComb in Kubitzki (1998b). Zostera Linnaeus 1753 (Eelgrass) A genus of about 12 species, aquatic herbs, of nearly cosmopolitan distribution. References: Haynes in FNA (2000); Crow & Hellquist (2000)=Y; Kuo & McComb in Kubitzki (1998b); Green & Short=Z. Zostera marina Linnaeus var. stenophylla Ascherson & Graebner, Eelgrass. Cp (NC, VA): estuarine waters; common. February-March. The species occurs in Eurasia and North America. Var. stenophylla is North American, and ranges south along the Atlantic coast to NC and allegedly to FL (though reports from that state are apparently not substantiated and may be based on misidentification of other aquatics). [= F, G, Y; < Z. marina – RAB, C, FNA, K, S, Z] BIBLIOGRAPHY Ackerfield, J., and J. Wen. 2002. A morphometric analysis of Hedera L. (the ivy genus, Araliaceae) and its taxonomic implications. Adansonia 24: 197-212. Adams, P. 1961. Observations on the Sagittaria subulata complex. Rhodora 63: 247-265. Adams, R.M. II, and W.J. Dress. 1982. Nodding Lilium species of eastern North America (Liliaceae). Baileya 21: 165-188. Adams, R.P. 1986. Geographic variation in Juniperus silicicola and J. virginiana of the Southeastern United States: multivariant analyses of morphology and terpenoids. Taxon 35: 31-75. –––. 1995. Revisionary study of Caribbean species of Juniperus (Cupressaceae). Phytologia 78: 134-150. –––, and T. Demeke. 1993. Systematic relationships in Juniperus based on random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs). Taxon 42: 553-571. Adams, W.P. 1957. A revision of the genus Ascyrum (Hypericaceae). Rhodora 59: 73-95. –––. 1962. Studies in the Guttiferae. I. A synopsis of Hypericum section Myriandra. Contr. Gray <strong>Herbarium</strong> Harv. 182: 1-51. –––. 1973. Clusiaceae of the southeastern United States. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 89: 62-71. –––, and N.K.B. Robson. 1961. A re-evaluation of the generic status of Ascyrum and Crookea (Guttiferae). Rhodora 63: 10-16. Adler, L. 1999. Polygonum perfoliatum (mile-a-minute weed). Chinquapin 7: 4. Aedo, C., J.J. Aldasoro, and C. Navarro. 1998. Taxonomic revision of Geranium sections Batrachioidea and Divaricata (Geraniaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85: 594-630. Affolter, J.M. 1985. A monograph of the genus Lilaeopsis (Umbelliferae). Systematic Bot. Monographs 6. Ahles, H.E., and A.E. Radford. 1959. Species new to the flora of North Carolina. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 75: 140-147. Ahrendt, L.W.A. 1961. Berberis and Mahonia: a taxonomic revision. J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 57: 1-410. Aiken, S.G. 1981. A conspectus of Myriophyllum (Haloragaceae) in North America. Brittonia 33: 57-69. –––, and S.J. Darbyshire. 1990. Fescue grasses of Canada. Agriculture Canada Publication 1844/E. –––, M.J. Dallwitz, C.L. McJannet, and L.L. Consaul. 1997. Biodiversity among Festuca (Poaceae) in North America: diagnostic evidence from DELTA and clustering programs, and an INTKEY package for interactive, illustrated identification and information retrieval. Can. J. Bot. 75: 1527-1555. Akiyama, S. 1988. A revision of the genus Lespedeza section Macrolespedeza (Leguminosae). Univ. of Tokyo Press. –––, and H. Ohba. 1985. The branching of the inflorescence and vegetative shoot and taxonomy of the genus Kummerowia (Leguminosae). Bot. Mag. Tokyo 98: 137-150. Al-Shehbaz, I.A. 1984. The tribes of Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arb. 65: 343-373. –––. 1985a. The genera of Thelypodieae (Cruciferae; Brassicaceae) in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arb. 66: 95- 111. –––. 1985b. The genera of Brassiceae (Crucifrae; Brassicaceae) in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arb. 66: 279-351. –––. 1986a. The genera of Lepidieae (Cruciferae; Brassicaceae) in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arb. 67: 265-311. –––. 1986b. New wool-alien Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) in eastern North America: Lepidium and Sisymbrium. Rhodora 88: 347- 355. –––. 1987. The genera of Alysseae (Cruciferae; Brassicaceae) in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arb. 68: 185-240. –––. 1988a. The genera of Arabideae (Cruciferae; Brassicaceae) in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arb. 69: 85-166.
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ORCHIDACEAE 836 Zeuxine Lindley 182
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POACEAE 838 Agrostis altissima (Wal
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POACEAE 840 A genus of about 100-11
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POACEAE 842 9 Inflorescence units w
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POACEAE 844 Andropogon glomeratus (
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POACEAE 846 .......................
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POACEAE 848 Aristida tenuispica A.S
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POACEAE 850 1 Spikelets 1.5-2.8 mm
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POACEAE 852 * Briza maxima Linnaeus
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POACEAE 854 * Bromus tectorum Linna
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POACEAE 856 2 Spines in multiple wh
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POACEAE 858 1 Spikelets (3.5-) 4-6
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POACEAE 860 Danthonia Augustin de C
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POACEAE 862 sheaths. Nodes with sho
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POACEAE 864 4 Second glume and ster
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POACEAE 866 11 Spikelets 2.1-2.9 mm
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POACEAE 868 3 Basal leaves similar
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POACEAE 870 14 Spikelets 0.9-1.4 mm
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POACEAE 872 Dichanthelium commutatu
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POACEAE 874 F, G, HC; > P. villosis
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POACEAE 876 dichotomum (Linnaeus) G
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POACEAE 878 Distichlis Rafinesque (
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POACEAE 880 6 Spikelets appressed;
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POACEAE 882 Eragrostis Wolf 1776 (L
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POACEAE 884 * Eragrostis curvula (S
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POACEAE 886 3 Spikes 5-10 cm long;
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POACEAE 888 considered as a species
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POACEAE 890 * Hordeum murinum Linna
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POACEAE 892 Reported (as L. fascicu
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POACEAE 894 1950), "rarely introduc
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POACEAE 896 flexuous, and fragile,
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- Page 67 and 68: POACEAE 902 ex Nees ssp. rigidulum
- Page 69 and 70: POACEAE 904 25 Panicles with 1-15 b
- Page 71 and 72: POACEAE 906 Paspalum praecox Walter
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- Page 75 and 76: POACEAE 910 * Phyllostachys nigra (
- Page 77 and 78: POACEAE 912 species withers and dis
- Page 79 and 80: POACEAE 914 FL and LA. References:
- Page 81 and 82: POACEAE 916 Schizachyrium littorale
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- Page 85 and 86: POACEAE 920 Sphenopholis pensylvani
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- Page 89 and 90: POACEAE 924 Tridens Roemer & J.A. S
- Page 91 and 92: POACEAE 926 * Urochloa platyphylla
- Page 93 and 94: PONTEDERIACEAE 928 A genus of 7-8 s
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- Page 97 and 98: POTAMOGETONACEAE 932 Fernald - F; >
- Page 99 and 100: RUSCACEAE 934 * Danae racemosa (Lin
- Page 101 and 102: RUSCACEAE 936 Scheuchzeria palustri
- Page 103 and 104: SMILACACEAE 938 Smilax laurifolia L
- Page 105 and 106: TOFIELDIACEAE 940 A genus of ca. 4
- Page 107 and 108: TRILLIACEAE 942 2 Stamens at most 1
- Page 109 and 110: TRILLIACEAE 944 Trillium pusillum M
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- Page 117 and 118: BIBLIOGRAPHY 952 Anderson, L.E., an
- Page 119 and 120: BIBLIOGRAPHY 954 Beckmann, R.L., Jr
- Page 121 and 122: BIBLIOGRAPHY 956 ---. 2005. Report
- Page 123 and 124: BIBLIOGRAPHY 958 ---. 1878. An enum
- Page 125 and 126: BIBLIOGRAPHY 960 ---, G.L. Nesom, a
- Page 127 and 128: BIBLIOGRAPHY 962 Dorn, R.D. 1984. V
- Page 129 and 130: BIBLIOGRAPHY 964 ---, and J.F. Wend
- Page 131 and 132: BIBLIOGRAPHY 966 Ganders, F.R., M.
- Page 133 and 134: BIBLIOGRAPHY 968 Green, P.S. 1962.
- Page 135 and 136: BIBLIOGRAPHY 970 ---, and J.R. Burk
- Page 137 and 138: BIBLIOGRAPHY 972 ---. 1998. Native
- Page 139 and 140: BIBLIOGRAPHY 974 Kiers, A.M., T.H.M
- Page 141 and 142: BIBLIOGRAPHY 976 Kubitzki, K., J.G.
- Page 143 and 144: BIBLIOGRAPHY 978 ---, and A. Täube
- Page 145 and 146: BIBLIOGRAPHY 980 McClintock, E. 195
- Page 147 and 148: BIBLIOGRAPHY 982 Mort, M.E., and D.
- Page 149 and 150: BIBLIOGRAPHY 984 ---. 2001b. Taxono
- Page 151 and 152: BIBLIOGRAPHY 986 Perry, J.E., D.M.E
- Page 153 and 154: BIBLIOGRAPHY 988 Rayner, D.A., and
- Page 155 and 156: BIBLIOGRAPHY 990 Rosendahl, C.O., F
- Page 157 and 158: BIBLIOGRAPHY 992 ---. 2002. Podophy
- Page 159 and 160: BIBLIOGRAPHY 994 Soltis, D.E. 1980.
- Page 161 and 162: BIBLIOGRAPHY 996 Sundell, E., R.D.
- Page 163 and 164: BIBLIOGRAPHY 998 Umber, R.E. 1979.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 1000 Warners, D.P., an
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 1002 ---. 2002. The id
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 1004 Xiang, Q.-Y. (Jen
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 1006 INDEX of FAMILIES
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 1008 Chromolaena......
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 1010 Hainardia .......
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 1012 Nolina...........
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 1014 Sisyrinchium ....