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DAM SYNCHRONISATION AND FLOOD RELEASES IN THE ZAMBEZI RIVER BASIN: ANNEX 4 OF FINAL REPORT SUPPORT THE COORDINATION OF FLOOD RISK ZONING INITIATIVES Intervention 4.6 Timeframe: Short term Budget range: < 0.5 M USD for Sheet # coordination of initiatives Linkages: Annex 4, Chapter 6 Concept: Improved flood protection through flood risk zoning can replace flood protection through dam management or extra dams. Purpose: Justification: Actions/ Responsibilities: Benefits/ beneficiaries: Means of implementation: Specific assumptions/ risks: Comments Flood risk zoning can serve for regulations for new settlements, current land use practices and rescue and warning. Flood risk zoning coordination at a river basin scale can make efforts of flood risk zoning on a national or local scale more cost efficient and effective. For the areas downstream of the dams, flood risk zoning can improve continuous awareness that dams can spill and therefore cause out of season flooding and/or sudden rise of flood levels. Their are current initiatives in parts of the catchment that each apply different metionds: for example UNOSAT for flood mapping in parts of Mozambique and Caprivi strip for rescue and warning, UN Habitat in Mozambique for new settlements, International Federation of Red Cross for vulnerability assessment for rescue and warning, FEWS Net for early warning, ZRA around Kariba dam to influence current land use practices and new settlements. Coordination of different flood risk zoning initiatives currently being developed independently in different riparian countries; further identification of the benefits and limitations of coordination and the possibilities of innovative techniques. Flood risk zoning efforts can contribute to a combination of: Prevention: zoning to set rules for new developments; Preparedness: zoning to give advice or set rules for land use practices and for awareness raising among current inhabitants Warning and rescue: risk zoning to use during emerging flood events to set priorities Coordination between current mapping activities in the Zambezi River Basin is a first and useful step in Risk Zoning that will also benefit flood forecasting and involvement of international relief organisations during floods as well as the understanding between neighbouring countries. ZAMCOM / SADC Secretariat to coordinate, Member States to commit. Residents in floodprone areas. Disaster Management organisations, Surveyor generals, Ministries of Water ZAMCOM / SADC Secretariat to organise workshop between different initiatives, possibly in combination with FEWS Net. Flood risk zoning rules for new settlements or for current land use and awareness raising only makes sense as an investment if such a system will be respected by local inhabitants. If flood risk zoning is introduced as a ‗rule‘, legal experts and local governments have to be able to ensure compliance, which has proven to be difficult. Flood risk zoning for flood insurance is not a viable option in the Zambezi Region because the economies of the region have not developed well enough to create a market for such insurance and because the data availability prevents good risk calculations. Data availability in the region for flood risk zoning is limiting the possibilities for flood risk zoning. A map of maximum flood extents, however, is easy to compile and is useful. Fortunately, only a small level of investment would be needed for the production of such a map. Mapping of flood frequencies, on the other hand, is more difficult. For example, the flood risk zoning around Kariba, where a distinction is made of zones for multi-year crops and seasonal crops, can be copied to other locations. However, it must be noted that in many floodprone areas in the basin local people have already adapted such approaches without any official flood risk zoning, but have decided that there are little viable options for them to move elsewhere. The current developments in remote sensing will contribute significantly to improved and less costly flood risk zoning in the near future. 114
DAM SYNCHRONISATION AND FLOOD RELEASES IN THE ZAMBEZI RIVER BASIN: ANNEX 4 OF FINAL REPORT SUPPORT LOCAL MULTIPURPOSE MEASURES WHICH ADD TO FLOOD PROTECTION Intervention Sheet # 4.7 Timeframe: Short term Budget range: < 0.5 MUSD coordination, if not part of ongoing activities. Budget to be determined locally for implementation. Linkages: Annex 4, Chapter 7 Concept: Improved flood protection through structural flood protection measures can replace flood protection through dam management or extra dams. Investments in education and road infrastructure have higher priority in the Zambezi riparian states than investments in physical flood protection measures. Purpose: Justification: Actions/ Responsibilities: Benefits/ beneficiaries: The financial resources of the riparian countries are limited. Combining the efforts of different government departments, local buildings that are located on high ground above flood risk areas can be used as refuge sites during floods and road infrastructure can be made more flood resistant. To achieve this public buildings would be designed and built with their use as flood refuge sites in mind. As a regional knowledge broker, SADC can advocate good experiences gained in other river basins for use in the Zambezi River Basin to support local . Quotation of such success stories will make search for funding easier. Share examples of other river basins or other countries in the Zambezi river basin, for example flood resistant schools and public buildings in the Limpopo River Basin, to the different riparian countries of the Zambezi basin and draw further lessons from country strategies on adaptation measures for floods. Coordinate various government Ministries in the siting and designing of government infrastructe to make buildings multipurpose and suitable for flood refuge and to make roads, bridges and water and sanitation infrastructure flood resistant or suitable for flood protection. . Improved public buildings. A clear location of refugee centres which provides temporary shelter and are known by Disaster Management Agencies and local residents. SADC water and/or infrastructure secretariat in coordination with ZAMCOM secretariat, Different Ministries in riparian countries Children in flood prone areas in their education, Residents in flood prone areas. Means of implementation: Specific assumptions/ risks: Less damage to infrastructure after floods (roads, water and saniatation) Contact UN Habitat Mozambique to learn of ways to promote interventions. Governments who are to rehabilitate state infrastructure after floods. The new schools may attract new residents in floodprone areas as the facilities have a far higher standard than provided currently for education in the region. 115
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