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DAM SYNCHRONISATION AND FLOOD RELEASES IN THE ZAMBEZI RIVER BASIN: ANNEX 4 OF FINAL REPORT Figure 2.2: Plan View of the upgraded Kamuzu Barrage (as in feasibility study 2003; detailed design being carried out in 2010) Pumping scheme at Mponda The pumps to be installed at Mponda would be used to lift water from Lake Malawi over the natural barrier, to enable the water to flowdownstream under gravity into the Shire River. The purpose is to supply water to the power stations. The total pumping head is about 6 m and has a design capacity of 200 m 3 /s. Kholombidzo Reservoir The Kholombidzo Reservoir involves construction of a regulating dam at Kholombidzo Falls, 50 km downstream of the Kamuzu Barrage on the Shire River. Two alternatives are available under this option namely a high dam cresting and a low dam. The high dam would regulate the water at the same height as the Kamuzu Barrage (475.3 m), and a low dam would be about 4 meters lower (471 m.a.s.l.). Kholombidzo Reservoir is upstream of the existing power plants and just at the beginning of the rapids of the Middle Shire. The High Kholombidzo HPP has an assessed average continuous generation potential of 157 MW from its own turbines and will provide an additional average continuous production of 22 MW in the downstream cascade (Norconsult, 2003). The Kholombidzo Low can provide some 170 MW of power generation in total (Norconsult, 2003). The real power generation depends on the operating rules chosen. Alternative investment: Tomaninjobi Stilling Basin for the Ruo Floods Devastating floods in Lower Shire Valley are influenced by high flows on the Ruo River. The flood peaks could be attenuated with Tomaninjobi pools in Elephant marsh being used as flood stilling basins. Flood waters from the Ruo river could be diverted with a diversion weir that can discharge the flood water into Tomaninjobi pools. The Tomaninjobi pools are large (more than 10 km 2 ). The diversion through the pools is meant to attenuate flood peaks and reduce flooding around and downstream of Shire Ruo confluence. 10
DAM SYNCHRONISATION AND FLOOD RELEASES IN THE ZAMBEZI RIVER BASIN: ANNEX 4 OF FINAL REPORT The Department of Disaster Management Affairs has expressed interest in further examining the feasibility of such a scheme. Preliminary cost estimates have not been established yet. The idea is not further investigated in this study, but could well become an alternative option for flood protection in a later stage. Sufficient flooding in Elephant Marsh is also important from an ecosystems point of view (Annex 2, Chapter 6). 2.4 Decision stage of investments Upgrading of Kamuzu Barrage The Government of Malawi is currently carrying out detailed design and Environmental Impact Assessment of the Upgraded Kamuzu Barrage. The designs and EIAs are expected to be completed in 2012 and will include a bill of quantities, an environmental management plan and tender documentation of the upgrading, rehabilitation and refurbishing the Kamuzu Barrage. The control rule curve for the operation of the Upgraded Kamuzu Barrage will also be included in the design and environmental impact assessment report. The World Bank has committed to funding the detailed design and EIA. A project concept note of the Worldbank (P117617, Version June 2010) makes mention of reserve of budget finances for rehabilitation of Kamuzu Barrage. Pumping scheme at Mponda The plans for a pumping barrage at Mponda (originally at Samama but relocated to Mponda during the feasibility studies) have been shelved according to ESCOM and Ministry of Irrigation and Water Development of Malawi (MIWD, interviews August 2010). The low lake levels of late 1990s and the high reliance of Malawi on power generated in the Shire, prompted the Government to initiate the pumping scheme. The Lake Levels have increased substantially from less than 473 to 474.5 m.a.s.l. since then. For this reason there are currently no further studies on the Pumping Scheme. The Norconsult study (2003) already recommended leaving the plan dormant until the Lake Level is extremely low again. According to MIWD (interview August 2010) the pumping scheme is environmentally and technically viable and will be reconsidered once the need arises. The pumping scheme would only be essential for power supply to Malawi in the event of the electricity interconnection Malawi-Mozambique not being implemented. Recent reports (Chikwawa, August 2010) explain that the World Bank, the lead financier, has initiated renewed negotiations with the Malawi government to kick-start the project. Kholombidzo reservoir According to MIWD (interview August 2010) Kholombidzo Reservoir (High or Low) would be an option which required further studies, but no action plan has been provided or decided for the implementation of such studies. ESCOM mentioned that a Chinese delegation had expressed interest for a site visit, but further details were not known (ESCOM interview, August 2010). 11
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